Some PPT tips

1. Some PPT tips • Do not show anything that you cannot explain, unless you use it as an example of “we do not yet know why” • Use simple backgrounds, such as plain white or very pale yellow, unless your sponsor wants all the logos • Avoid overly busy slides, unless you want to use the over-business to make a point • People remember annotated photographs and graphs. Show people in photographs if possible. Plain bullets are less effective. (so, why am I using them here?) • Avoid animation (i.e., bringing in items one by one on a slide). They will trip you up in a presentation. • If there is a clear conclusion, say it early. Then, repeat at the end once the evidence has been shown. • Don’t overexplain on the PPT itself – explain more fully when you present it • Offer to give a PDF version to anyone who asks, or perhaps make it available on your web page. Consider LINKEDIN. Avoid FACEBOOK.

2. Desert Sky Wind Farm (approx 350 miles southwest of Baylor) At least 100 wind turbines in a wind farm Approx. 10 wind turbines (15 MW) per square mile. Thus, a farm needs at least 10 square miles. 101m 65 m Blade length 35 m Metric units – about 6 MW per square km. Operate at 10 – 20 RPM, with wind speed range 8 – 56 MPH

3. Desert Sky Wind Farm (approx 350 miles southwest of Baylor) At least 100 wind turbines in a wind farm Approx. 10 wind turbines (15 MW) per square mile. Thus, a farm needs at least 10 square miles. 101m 65 m Metric units – about 6 MW per square km. Blade length 35 m Operate at 10 – 20 RPM, with wind speed range 8 – 56 MPH

4. 101m 65 m

5. 101m 65 m 88 m

6. Why are Synchrophasors Important? Here’s All You Need to Remember Average Power Flow P Through a Mostly Inductive Transmission Line (138kV and above) + ─ + ─ ground Charles Steinmetz, developed phasor theory to analyze AC circuits For small x, sin(x) = x These are about 1pu Stability limit is when the angle difference reaches 90 degrees

7. The Source of Most of Our Synchrophasor Data • OK for most synchrophasor applications • Factor in net 30° phase shift due to transformers and unknown a-b-c phase • Recognize there is a slowing varying 2° or 3° daily phase lag pattern down distribution feeders • Having one at every airport control tower would provide independent “heads up” early warning about grid problems across US and Canada • Non-Disclosure agreements are not required!

8. This is probably the world’s first electricity market-induced grid oscillation! 12 hour window ERCOT’s graph of West-to-North P flow Price went down, then wind gens responded, then price went up, then wind gens responded, • • • Texas Synchrophasor Network’s graph of West-to-Central ERCOT Voltage Angle Candidate for Ripley’s Believe It or Not? 12-hour window

9. The West, Texas, Explosion, April 17, 2013 60 Seconds of RMS Voltage Measured at Baylor University (West is about 20 miles north of Waco) USGS says the explosion occurred at 07:50:38 pm CDT Time-aligned seismic activity measured at Amarillo (about 400 miles away)

10. 42 Major Unit Trips, 0.1 Hz or Greater.Conclusion - No Correlation Between Wind Generation and System Inertia 6 months

11. Evaluating the Performance of Solar PV Installations, Taking Into Account Actual Weather and Panel Orientation Prof. Mack Grady and Mr. Billy Anderson, Baylor University Update for Ms. Andee Chamberlain, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Ms. Lucy Stolzenburg, Texas Solar Energy Society September 30, 2013

13. N

14. N 71.3 kW Rated

17. Andee Chamberlain Sustainability Programs Manager Texas Parks and Wildlife

23. Summer Solstice Sept. 30 Winter Solstice

24. 1 hour average ending at 17:00 1 pm CST 1 hour delay in PV output is due to array azimuth shift

27. This is a work in progress. Thank you!