Unit 11

1. Unit 11 Thomas Jefferson, Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812

2. Unit 11 Notebook Checklist Vocabulary Sheet Notes _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ __________________________ __________________________ This notebook is worth ___________ Points. This notebook is due ____________.

3. After you get your folder, start working on your tests from yesterday. We will take the first part of class to finish them up. If you were not here, I put a test in your folder (get it started and come in and finish it later). If you do not get done today, you may come in to finish it sometime before Friday. I will stay after school today and Thursday.

4. Thomas Jefferson A Man of Many Talents

5. Unit 11 Vocabulary

6. #1 Democratic Definition: Ensuring that all people have the same rights

7. #2 Capitalism Definition: an economic system where companies compete for money with no government involvement.

8. #3 Expedition Definition: a long voyage of exploration

9. #4 Interpreter Definition: Someone who can translate (speak) one language into another.

10. #5 Violated Definition: to assault or harm another person

11. #6 Federal Government Definition: the government found in Washington D.C. Also known as the National government.

12. #7 Precedent Definition: to set an example.

13. #8 Platform Definition: a person’s beliefs (something they stand for)

14. #9 Tribute Definition: to bribe someone (to influence them to do something they normally would not).

15. #10 Impressment Definition: forcing someone to fight for your army.

16. #11 Embargo Definition: a ban on trade. Example: Embargo on Cuba.

17. #12 Smuggle Definition: to illegally bring something into a country (drugs).

18. #13 Traverse Definition: to travel across something..

19. #14 Nationalism Definition: To have pride and respect for your country.

20. #15 JargonDefinition – a language used for a particular job or situation; slang

21. #16 IdiomDefinition – A phrase that means something other than what it says Example: A house divided against itself cannot stand.

22. Unit 11 Vocabulary List Directions: Define the following terms (10 Points) Democratic Capitalism Expedition Interpreter Violated Federal (Government) Precedent Platform Tribute Impressment Embargo Smuggle Traverse Nationalism

23. Unit 11 Important Terms List Directions: Use the glossary to describe the following terms. (10 Points) Laissez-Faire Free Market Marbury vs. Madison Judicial Review Pinckney Treaty Louisiana Purchase Continental Divide Embargo Act Nonintercourse Act War Hawks Treaty of Ghent

24. Thomas Jefferson A Man of Many Talents

25. After you get your folder, get out your vocabulary list from yesterday…..If you were not here, I will give you one.

26. At the top of the Unit 11 Important Terms paper write……… “For Fill In The Blank Part Of the Unit Test”

27. Thomas Jefferson invented many things. Click on each picture to see a description of the invention. End Slide Show

28. Moldboard When in Europe as Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson observed that the Dutch moldboard, which is the front of a plow that lifts up and turns over sod, was awkward and ineffective. Setting his mind to the problem, Jefferson interwove art and purpose to invent a new moldboard based on pure mathematical principles, namely, the right angle. This original moldboard briefly transformed agriculture (before iron came to replace the wooden plows), and yet Jefferson never tried to patent it. Believing that invention should be solely for the good of the people and not for the advancement of the inventor, Jefferson encouraged public use of this easily duplicated invention. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

29. Wheel Cipher Jefferson developed his wheel cipher between the years 1792 and 1793 while he was serving as the United States' Secretary of State and the country was faced with controversial foreign policy and national security issues. The wheel cipher consisted of twenty-six cylindrical wooden pieces which each had a hole bored into its center so that they could then be threaded onto an iron spindle. On the edge of each wheel, all twenty-six letters of the alphabet was inscribed. By using the cipher, a person could scramble and unscramble letters in order to code messages. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

30. The Great Clock One of Jefferson's most visible inventions, the Great Clock, dominates the entrance hall of Monticello. Cannonballs from the Revolution, powered by gravity, hang along both sides of the doorway, and onlookers can read the day of the week and the time from markings on the wall. In another of Jefferson's insights, the Great Clock's face can be seen from both inside and outside to encourage exercise and productivity. The Great Clock was connected to a large copper gong on the roof and was reputed to sound all the way to the University of Virginia. Although he did collaborate on the clock with his mechanical confidant, Louis Leschot, the idea was Jefferson's. For repairs to the Great Clock, Jefferson invented a mahogany ladder that folded up into almost a pole for storage. This ladder, which Jefferson also recommended for pruning trees, was the first of its kind in the United States and, in the late 1800's, became prevalent in U.S. libraries. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

31. Jefferson designed an unique revolving stand with five adjustable rectangular shaped rests for holding books. The rests could be folded in to make a small smooth-surfaced box which could then attach to the base. The polygraph, another letter copying device, was invented by an Englishman, John Hawkins, but was perfected by Thomas Jefferson. When Jefferson first received the polygraph, constructed of two connected pens, he called it "the finest invention of the present age".(Jefferson to Bowdoin, 1806)In correspondencewith museum director Charles Peale, Jefferson continually suggested improvements that arose through his observant use of the polygraph. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

32. A Republican Takes Office A. Thomas Jefferson’s Inauguration was low key. 1. He believed the nation’s strength came from people. B. Jefferson’s Political Style 1. Democratic Principles– ensuring that all people have equal rights. a. He was an ordinary guy for ordinary people b. Started shaking hands (no bows) c. Supported the French (allies)

33. C. Smaller Federal Government 1. Economy – Laissez Faire = to let alone a. Capitalism 2. Less active government a. Smaller Army and Navy b. Repeal the Whiskey Tax (less government) D. Strengthening the Supreme Court 1. Marbury vs. Madison – 1803 – Sets a precedent a. Gave the Supreme Court the power to pass/reject laws based on the Constitution b. This is the most important role of the Supreme Court

34. You have a Vocabulary Quiz Today. Have your sentences ready to hand in. We will start the quiz after I hand out the folders. If you were not here yesterday, you can do your sentences and important terms during this time

35. Objective: To examine the importance of judicial review. (left) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall (below) incoming president, Thomas Jefferson (above) outgoing president John Adams (right) Secretary of State, James Madison

36. Judicial Review Supreme Court Case: Marbury v. Madison (1803) • The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional. • THEREFORE, the act was declared invalid. • Marbury v. Madison established the power of judicial review. (the power of federal courts to decide whether an act of Congress is constitutional or unconstitutional.) • Today, judicial review is one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court.

37. Unit 11 Section 2 Question Sheet Directions: Use pages 306-310 to find the information for the following questions. Why did the U.S. want control of the Mississippi River? What country allowed the U.S. to use the Mississippi River first (Pinckney Treaty)? In 1800, Louisiana made up the area between what two mountain ranges? What city is at the bottom of the Mississippi River? Who bought Louisiana from Spain before the U.S. then bought it? (the person, not the country). How much did Thomas Jefferson pay for Louisiana? Who did Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana area (first and last names)? What city did these explorers start their expedition from? What were the two main reasons these explorers went on this expedition? What was the name of the Native American woman these explorers met up with who helped them by translating the Native American language into English? Why did these explorers give gifts like mirrors, beads, and knives to the Native Americans they met along the way? What ocean did these explorers reach at the end of their journey?

38. Lewis and Clark Team Expedition Baseball Cards Assignment: Each student is to create a baseball style information card involving either Merriwether Lewis, William Clark, or Sacagawea (you will be given a topic in class). The card will consist of a visual representation of your person (print out) and information on the back of the card which will be found through research in the handouts given to you in class. Directions: Step 1: You will be given a number. 1 = Merriwether Lewis 2 = William Clark; 3 = Sacagawea Step 2: During class, you need to find the information to complete the back of your baseball card. The information should include a biography, life highlights, and any other important information that you find about this person through your research. Step 3: Use the picture of your person for the front of your baseball card (decorate it however you want) Step 4: Create the card. There are only two requirements that I am looking for in this short assignment: 1) Label the front of the baseball card (that is up to you) 2) You need to have at least 10 pieces of information about the person on the back of your card (again, how you set up that information is up to you). ***PowerPoint Example from class Step 5: Create a question sheet to go along with your information (this will be explained after the cards are completed). Grading: 30 Points – All requirements need to be met Due Date: _______________

39. Have a book on your desk and open it to page 301.

40. The Louisiana Purchase A. Controlling the Mississippi River 1. Pinckney Treaty (terms sheet) 2. 1800 – Spain sells Louisiana to Napoleon 3. Jefferson then buys Louisiana for $15 Million a. Doubles the size of the United States b. Merriwether Lewis and William Clark are chosen to explore the West (expedition) 1. They will look at Geography and Native Americans

41. In 1801, Toussaint L'Ouverture led black slaves in a revolt in Haiti against the French, killing 35,000 French soldiers. The Haitian Revolution • Haiti became an independent nation in 1804. Video: (6:35) Freeing Haiti (Segment from Africans in America: Brotherly Love: 1791–1831)

42. The Louisiana Purchase • France was on the brink of war with Great Britain and needed money. • Therefore, the French leader, Napoleon, sold all of Louisiana to the U.S. for $15 million in 1803.

43. B. Lewis and Clark Expedition 1. 50 men and women – Volunteers and Slaves 2. Met various Indians and gave gifts a. Beads, mirrors and knives b. Met Sacagawea of the Shoshone Tribe c. She spoke English (Interpreter) 3. Traveled over the Rockies and across the Continental Divide 4. Nov. 7, 1805 – Reached the Pacific

44. * The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.!

45. Lewis and Clark • Lewis and Clark were sent to find an all water route across the continent. • The party consisted of 33 people and Lewis’ dog. (left) William Clark and (right) Meriwether Lewis

47. Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, served as their guide and interpreter.

48. Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List • Mathematical Instruments: • surveyor’s compass • hand compass • telescope • chronometer (needed to calculate longitude) • Clothing: • 45 flannel shirts • coats • shoes • woolen pants • blankets • knapsacks • stockings

49. Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List • Camp Supplies: • 150 yards of cloth to be oiled and sewn into tents and sheets • 30 steels for striking to make fire • handsaws • hatchets • whetstones • iron corn mill • mosquito curtains • 10 1/2 pounds of fishing hooks and fishing lines • 12 pounds of soap • 193 pounds of "portable soup" (a thick paste concocted by boiling down beef, eggs and vegetables) • three bushels of salt • writing paper, ink and crayons

50. Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List • Arms and Ammunition: • 15 prototype Model 1803 muzzle-loading .54 caliber rifles • knives • 500 rifle flints • 420 pounds of sheet lead for bullets • 176 pounds of gunpowder packed in 52 lead canisters • 1 long-barreled rifle that fired its bullet with compressed air, rather than by flint, spark and powder