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Shipping is a global source of emissions

Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shipping Effects on air quality and marine eutrophication. Tapani Stipa , Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto , Jari Walden ( Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli ( University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University ).

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Shipping is a global source of emissions

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  1. Emissions of NOx and SOx fromBalticshippingEffects on air quality and marine eutrophication Tapani Stipa, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, MarkeHongisto, Jari Walden (Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli (University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University)

  2. Shipping is a globalsource of emissions • Shippingenjoyslong-standingfreedoms of the highseas • Emissionsfromshipsaredifficult to measure • Previousestimateswerebased on bunkerused and estimatedshiproutes • Updatesevery 5-10 years • Emissionshardlyregulated (until 2005 at least)

  3. Goals (Emission inventory) AIS information Revised emission factors

  4. Live emissions

  5. Distribution of annual NOx emission

  6. Verification of emission estimatesfuelconsumptionestimate

  7. Windwaves and fuelconsumptionbyhour

  8. NOx deposition (mgN/m2) due to shipping

  9. Percentage of monthly NOx deposition due to ship emissions July 2006 January 2007

  10. Emission measurements

  11. 10,65 m 7 m 6 m Measure-ment cabin measurement station in Aegna • - Wind direction and –speed • - Temperature • - Measurement of gas compounds: O3, SO2 and NO/NOx • Mesurement frequency: 10 min discontinuous periods • -Windspeed • - Temperature • -Wind speed • - Temperature • - Measurement of gas compounds: O3, SO2 and NO/NOx

  12. Measured data; example, 9h period 29.7.2007

  13. Shipping is a potential contributor to marine eutrophication Thought experiment:A month’s worth of shipping emissions would increase the nitrogen level in the sea within 10 km of the shipping lane significantly. The increase is comparable to about 5-20% of winter nutrient concentrations.

  14. Scenario with 5.2% growth

  15. Conclusions • In the Balticregion, shipemissionsaccount for up to 50% of the Nox deposition • Balticshippingcreatesmore SOx emissionsthanNordiccountries (FI, SE, NO, DK) togetherfromland-basedsources • Muchpolicy-levelactivityboth in the Baltic and internationally • Should WMO liaisemorecloselywith IMO to promote the study of shippingemissions and theireffects?

  16. Thankyou! [Quiz: where is the abovepicturetakenfrom?]

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