Bacteria

1. Bacteria .: Support bacteria - they're theonly culture some people have :.

2. What is bacteria? • True bacteria are the oldest organisms on earth • organisms made up of just one cell • capable of multiplying by themselves, as they have the power to divide • some bacteria can cause diseases • Sometimes they are just in the wrong place but other times they are designed to invade our bodies!! • Bacterial infections are usually treated with a special antibiotic that only kills the bacterium that has caused the disease.

3. Common Shapes of Bacteria BACILLUS COCCUS SPIRILLUM

4. Reproduction of Bacteria • Bacteria may reproduce either asexually or sexually. • Primarily they reproduce asexually, which they accomplish by simple cell division. • During this process, one cell divides into two daughter cells with the development of a transverse cell wall. • genetic variations can occur within individual cells through recombinant

5. Malicious Bacteria =( Why did the paramecium cross the road? He was stuck to the chicken's butt.

6. Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever • is an infectious feverish disease • severe symptoms in the digestive system • caused by an infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi, • which is only found in humans and may lead to serious illness. • Salmonella typhi can only attack humans • the bacterium is passed on with water and foods and can withstand both drying and refrigeration.

7. Salmonella and Food Poisoning • found in poultry, eggs, unprocessed milk and in meat and water • attacks the stomach and intestines • enters the lymph tracts, which carry water and protein to the blood, and the blood itself • Symptoms:- • Diarrhea (constipation), headaches, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting

8. Anthrax • a bacterial disease caused by an organism called Bacillus anthracis • is capable of producing spores • It’s a disease of grass-eating animals such as sheep, goats, cattle and horses so humans won’t get infected unless they are exposed to infected animals • Symptoms: - • Vomiting, nausea, fever IT IS NOT CONTAGIOUS!

9. Botulism • serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin • produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum (found in soil) • can’t be detected unless diagnosed (ex: a cat scan) • 110 cases of botulism each year • Clostridium botulinum • name of a group of bacteria • rod-shaped organisms grow best in low oxygen conditions. • bacteria form spores - allows them to survive in a dormant state

10. Types of Botulism • Foodborne botulism caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin (25% of the cases) • Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum (72% of the cases) • Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin NOTE: ALL TYPES ARE FATAL AND SHOULD RECEIVE MEDICAL ATTENTION!!

11. The Plague • The Black Death wiped out complete villages in Europe in the 14th century. Largest outbreak of a bacteria. • The epidemic lasted about 200 years and affected all aspects of social and economic life. • Carried by fleas, rodents and humans.

12. Gram Positive (+) • Gram positive bacteria have simple walls composed primarily of peptidoglycan • Secrete exotoxins which can infect a host without the bacteria actually being present

13. Gram Negative (-) • Gram negative bacteria have relatively complex walls with lipopolysaccharides which are often toxic, making the walls of gram-negative bacteria toxic • Often more resistant than gram positive Bacteria to antibiotics • Usually more deadly than gram-positive bacteria, but must be present for symptoms to occur. Do not secrete exotoxins

14. Beneficial Bacteria =) Why did the bacteria cross the road? To prove he wasn't chicken.

15. Good Bacteria: • Used in soil enrichment • Used for pickling and preserving • Used for fermentation • Used to decompose organic waste • The bacteria that live within us, help to build and maintain a strong gastrointestinal barrier against invasion and damage by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and toxic substances. Lactobacillus reuteri

16. Bacteria is a part of everyday life • The bacteria that live within us as symbionts, help to build and maintain a strong gastrointestinal barrier against invasion and damage by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and toxic substances.

17. Combating Bad Bacteria =D Why did the bacteria cross the playground? To get to the other slide..

18. Antibodies • An antibody is a protein complex used by the immune system to identify and neutralize bacteria • Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target • Antibodies that recognize bacteria mark them for ingestion by macrophages. • Together with the plasma component complement, antibodies can kill bacteria directly.

19. Antibiotics • Drugs that help cure certain infections by impairing bacteria. • First antibiotic discovered was penicillin. • Some fungi produce antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections • The dark side is that antibiotics caused the evolution of antibiotic-resistant populations of the very bacteria the drugs were meant to kill

20. Prevention • Improvements in prevention of bacterial infections come more from improved public health policies than so-called “wonder-drugs”. Generally little can be done to combat bacterial infections directly other than keeping your living conditions and yourself sanitary.