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Addressing Key Clearance Challenges in Conflict-Affected Regions: Insights and Lessons Learned

This summary analyzes the ongoing challenges of mine and ordnance clearance in conflict-affected areas including Burundi, Mozambique, Somalia, and South Sudan. Key issues include incomplete knowledge of contamination, continuous insecurity preventing access, logistical challenges due to terrain and infrastructure, insufficient funding and resources, and the need for training and capacity building. Additionally, the summary highlights the importance of national coordination, prioritization of clearance efforts, and community engagement. Lessons learned emphasize the necessity for early planning, political commitment, and proactive solutions.

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Addressing Key Clearance Challenges in Conflict-Affected Regions: Insights and Lessons Learned

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  1. Key clearance challenges - summary

  2. 1. Incompleteknowledge of the extent of contamination : - lack of maps or other information on mine / CM contamination (Burundi, Mozambique, Somalia, South Sudan)

  3. 1. Incompleteknowledge of the extent of contamination (cont.):- problemswithpastsurveys / qualityof information (Angola, Chad, DRC, Sudan)- challenges withcurrentsurveys (DRC, Senegal, Somalia)- new contamination (Mali, Sudan)

  4. 2. Continuedinsecurity & consequentlackof access to certain areas (DRC, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan) – can affect fundingopportunities (Somalia)

  5. 3. Logistical and technical challenges:- size of country, lack of roads(Angola, DRC, South Sudan), - difficult terrain (mountains, sandy or rockysoils, dense vegetation) or weather conditions / heavyrains(Angola, Burundi, Mali,SouthSudan, Zimbabwe)

  6. 3. Logistical and technical challenges (cont.) Mines withlowmetal content (Senegal); - movement of mines over time (Algeria, Chad)

  7. 4. Lack of funding & resources. Specifically:- lack of equipment, means of transport & communication (Burundi, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Zimbabwe)- shortage of international operators (Senegal, South Sudan)

  8. 5. Need for training / capacity building(Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Somalia, South Sudan)

  9. 6. Prioritisation issues – AV mines vs. AP mines (Niger); – reconstruction & development vs. demining (Angola, South Sudan)

  10. 7. Lack of national coordination office / Mine Action Centre (Mali, Western Sahara, Somalia)

  11. 8. Need for cross-border clearance / access to otherside of border (Mauritania & Western Sahara, Zimbabwe & Mozambique)

  12. 9. Establishment of national capacity to deal with residual UXO threat after article 5 completion (Mozambique)

  13. 10. Need support withadvocacyon CCM (South Sudan)

  14. 11. Stockpiles and abandonedordnance (Guinea Bissau, Somalia – stocks often in private hands. MRE required.)

  15. Lessonslearned • Early planning is essential (Uganda) • Politicalcommitmentat the national levelis crucial (Angola, Mauritania, Swaziland) • Need to be proactive to find solutions, e.g. networking withdonors and international operators, using national resourcessuch as police & army. (Congo Brazzaville, Uganda, Zambia)

  16. Lessonslearned (cont.) • Ensureeffective coordination measures • Develop national Mine Action Standards & SOPs • National surveyshelpful if donewell (Uganda, Zambia) • Secure a clearMoUwhenworkingwithNGOs • Value of engagement of local communitiesthroughcommunity-liaison processes. Avoidshostility, alsohelpssecure information on contamination

  17. Lessonslearned (cont.) • Progressively release land as part of clearance operations. • Specialisedmachines help in somecircumstances (e.g. lowlands in Uganda); in othersmanual clearance isstillrequired (Algeria, Zimbabwe) • Value of continuous training & transfer of knowledge, includingthrough exchanges betweenMACs (couldbeexpanded?) • Constant communication with the ISU – drawfromtheir expertise.

  18. Lessonslearned (cont.) • Aftercompletionof AP mine clearance, ERW clearance & spot tasksmightstillbenecessary, stockpile management of otherweaponsisoftenstillrequired, and long-termvictim assistance remainsnecessary(Congo Brazzaville, GuineaBissau, Uganda).

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