How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image?

1. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image?

2. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? • Cause and effect: • Cause: Reading Cosmo • Effect: Female adolescents’ self image. • B.Cause: Female adolescents’ self image • Effect: Reading Cosmo.

3. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Group 1: 20 teenagers (14-17) Will read Cosmo in the “waiting room”. Both groups complete a questionnaire. Will read National Geographic in the “waiting room”. The control group MUST read something and what they read should NOT have female images as those in Cosmo. Control group: 20 teenagers (14-17); should have the same characteristics as Group 1 Experiment 1: Posttest-only control group (p. 218) R X O1 RO2

4. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Experiment 1: Posttest-only control group (p. 218) Problem: both groups may have different levels of self image before the test; hence, Cosmo cannot be reasoned as the factor. R X O1 RO2

5. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Both groups complete a questionnaire before the experiment. Experiment 2: Pretest-posttest-only control group (p. 218) R O1 X O1 RO2O2

6. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Experiment 2: Pretest-posttest-only control group (p. 218) Problem: The pre-test may cue the participants to know the purpose of why Cosmo was in the waiting room, hence influence their answers. R O1 X O1 RO2O2

7. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Experiment 3: Solomon Four-Group Design (p. 219) R O1 X O2 R O3 O4 R XO2 RO6

8. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Only the first two groups will do a pre-test. Experiment 3: Solomon Four-Group Design (p. 219) R O1 X O2 R O3 O4 R XO2 RO6

9. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? X: reading Cosmo in the “waiting room” Blank: reading National Geographic in the “waiting room” Experiment 3: Solomon Four-Group Design (p. 219) R O1 X O2 R O3 O4 R XO2 RO6

10. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? All groups complete a post-test (the same questionnaire). Experiment 3: Solomon Four-Group Design (p. 219) R O1 X O2 R O3 O4 R XO2 RO6

11. May be America’s next top model is to be blamed as well!

12. How do Cosmopolitan and America’s next top models affect female adolescents’ self image? Experiment 1: Factorial studies (p. 220)

13. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? X: Reading Cosmo Blank: Reading National Geographic Y: Watching ANTM Blank: Watching Simpsons Experiment 1: Posttest-only control group (p. 218) Group I X Y O1 Group IIXO2Group III YO3Group IV O4

14. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Independent and dependent variables (p. 45) Independent variable measures the cause and can be manipulated by the experimenters. Dependent variable measures the effect and cannot be manipulated by the experimenters.

15. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? • Independent variable • Cosmo and National Geographic • Cosmo • National Geographic • Neither

16. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? • Dependent variables can include • How the respondents rate their own attractiveness. • How the respondents rate how they are viewed by the opposite sex (sorry, it is heterocentric). • How the respondents perceive their popularity. • How the respondents view their body size. • How the respondents perceive their future success. • How happy the respondents feel. • etc.

17. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? • Operational definition? (p. 47) • How to define an abstract concept such as: “self image”. • Self image is: • How one views one’s own attractiveness. • How one perceives the opposite sex views one’s own attractiveness. • How one perceives one’s popularity. • How one views one’s body size. • Etc.

18. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? • Measurement of variables (pp. 51-54) • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio

19. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Nominal (the options cannot be rated) Which of the following best describes your race? a. African American b. Asian c. Caucasian d. Hispanic e. Middle eastern f. Native American g. Pacific Islander h. Other

20. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Nominal Which fruit do you like best? a. Apple b. Banana c. Grape d. Pineapple e. Strawberry f. Other

21. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Ordinal (order – but the difference between options is not quantifiable) How would you rate your body type? a. Bulky b. Slightly bulky c. With a few extra pounds d. Just about right e. A few pounds under average f. Slender g. Skinny

22. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Interval (with no absolute zero; difference between options is quantifiable and equal) What do you think is the average weight of most Cosmo models? (Note: no one will have zero pound) a. 150-170 lbs b. 130-149 lbs c. 110 – 129 lbs d. 90-109 lbs

23. How does Cosmopolitan affect female adolescents’ self image? Ratio (with absolute zero; difference between options is quantifiable and equal) How many hours of exercises do you think the average Cosmo model puts into daily? a. zero b. two hours c. four hours d. six hours e. eight hours