PSSA review Part 2

1. PSSA review Part 2

2. Physical Properties of Matter Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Scientists use physical properties to describe, compare, and classify matter. • Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

3. Physical properties include: • Color • Texture • Hardness • Flexibility • Magnetic • State (solid, liquid, gas) • Temperature • How well it conducts heat or electricity • Can it dissolve in water (think of mixing Kool-Aid)

4. For example, if a piece of gold is pounded into different shapes, the characteristics of the gold changes but it is still gold.

6. Density is the mass of a substance in a certain volume. Example: Wood floats in water and iron sinks

7. Energy • Energy is the ability to cause change. • Types of energy: • Light • Sound • Heat • Mechanical • Electrical • Chemical Forms of Energy: http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/formsofenergy/preview.weml

8. Light is energy you can see. • Can you name any sources of light?

9. Sound is energy you can hear. • Pitch is how high or low a sound is. • Volume is how loud a sound is.

10. Heat is the energy of tiny moving particles that make up matter. • Can you name any sources of heat? Try this!

11. Mechanical energy is the energy of moving objects. • Electrical energy is the energy of charged particles. (lightning) • Chemical energy is the energy stored in matter.

12. Energy Transfers Energy Transfer diagram: http://www.eschooltoday.com/what-is-energy-for-children.html

13. Energy: Just for Fun Q: How do energy-conscious people feel about wind power? A: They're blown away! Car Plane Heater Steel Lamp Stove Machine Train

14. Landforms • Landforms are the geological features of the Earth’s surface. • Geology is the study of the Earth and its features. Landforms: http://www.brainpopjr.com/science/land/landforms/

15. What kind of landforms can be found in Pennsylvania? Plains Plateaus Mountains Rivers Lakes Valleys

16. Natural Resources Natural resources are any materials from the earth that people need and use. • Examples: • Minerals, rocks, water, air, soil, plants, animals, and oil Natural Resources: http://www.brainpop.com/science/ourfragileenvironment/naturalresources/

17. What can you recall aboutrenewable and nonrenewable resources? • Renewable resources can be replaced such as water, oxygen, plants, animals, sunlight, and wind • Nonrenewable resources cannot be easily replaced such as minerals, rocks, oil, and natural gas. • *These take millions of years to form. For more information: Renewable Vs. Nonrenewable Resources: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBTnVoEIb98

18. Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals http://www.brainpopjr.com/science/land/rocksandminerals/ • What are some things we use rocks and minerals for?

19. Earth’s Water • Water covers almost ¾ of the Earth. • Most of this water is in the oceans as salt water. • Oceans make up 97% of the Earth’s surface.

20. Changes in the form of Water • There are three states of matter: • Solid • Liquid • Gas Matter Changing States: http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/matterchangingstates/ States of Matter: http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/

21. Matter Changing States Melting- solid to liquid Evaporation- liquid to gas • Condensation- gas to liquid • Sublimation- solid to gas

22. Describing and Measuring Weather • How do you think weather scientists (meteorologists) know what kind of weather we will be having? • They use tools and instruments to help them collect data about the condition of the atmosphere. This helps them to describe the weather and make predications. For more information and descriptions of weather tools click here: http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-instruments.htm

23. What would you predict about the weather?

24. Cloud Types Cirrus clouds Cirrus cloudsare ice clouds. They can look like delicate white feathers or streamers. They are always more than three miles up where the temperature is below freezing, even in summer. Wind currents twist and spread the ice crystals into wispy strands.

25. Cumulous clouds They are "fair weather clouds" and they are fun to watch as they grow and change in shape and size. miles up where the temperature is below freezing, even in summer. Cumulus cloudsare the fluffy, white cotton ball or cauliflower-looking clouds with sharp outlines. Cumulus clouds make beautiful sunsets.

26. Stratus clouds Stratus cloudsoften look like thin, white sheets covering the whole sky. Since they are so thin, they seldom produce much rain or snow. Sometimes, in the mountains or hills, these clouds appear to be fog.

27. More about Clouds… Clouds: http://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/clouds/preview.weml

28. Earth, Sun, and Moon • Have you ever wondered why Earth has day and night?

29. The main reason for day and night is the rotation (spinning) of the Earth. The Earth, Moon, and Sun System: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssA7Ew_BQHY&feature=youtu.be

30. Phases of the Moon Moon Phases Song to theme of “Forget You”: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkvlrWpsnuQ

31. Extra Resources http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/earth/ http://kids.usa.gov/science/index.shtml Electric Circuits: http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/ Simple Machines: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grWIC9VsFY4

32. …and so do you!! Great job!!