THE CIVILIZATION OF KUSH

1. 6th Grade • Social Studies THE CIVILIZATION OF KUSH

2. REVIEW • You learned that Egypt was divided into three periods: the Old, Middle, and New. • You also learned that Egypt was very powerful at times, and very weak at others. Eventually, Egypt fell to more powerful armies who wielded iron weapons.

3. BIG IDEA (S) To the south of Egypt, the Nubians settled in farming villages and became powerful warriors The people of Kush devoted themselves to ironworking and grew wealthy from trade

4. AFTER THIS SECTION, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: • Discuss the way of life of the Nubians • Identify the location of Kush • Explain why Kush prospered

5. What is this map showing us? Describe the relative location of Kush 5

6. NATURAL RESOURCES OF KUSH • Gold mines • Ivory • Incense • Iron ore 6

7. NUBIA • Nubia was a society further south of Egypt, along the Nile (later called Kush) • Excellent hunters and warriors

8. KINGDOM OF KUSH • Stronger villages took over weaker ones • Formed the kingdom of Kush at the capital Kerman • Traded with Egyptians (Egyptians even hired Nubian warriors) • Kush became a wealthy kingdom

9. PARTNER CHECK: INFERENCE • Later historians, like the Greek historian Herodotus, had difficulty distinguishing between Egyptian and Kushite culture. Why do you think so? What does this tell us about these two cultures?

10. EGYPT INVADES NUBIA • Stronger villages took over weaker ones • Formed the kingdom of Kush at the capital Kerman • Traded with Egyptians (Egyptians even hired Nubian warriors) • Kush became a wealthy kingdom

11. WHY WAS KUSH IMPORTANT TO EGYPT? • Barrier against enemies from the south. • They served as a neutral zone • Gold mines were in Kush and Egypt wanted control of the gold for themselves • Geographic location: all trade had to go through Kush (ivory, animal skins, ostrich feathers, spices, ebony, ivory) 11

12. RISE OF KUSH • Kush broke away from Egypt when Egypt became weak • Rules from city of Napata • Napata was on a trade route (why would this be beneficial?) • Piye and Kashta went north to conquer Egypt • Kushite culture emulated (copied) much of Egyptian culture

13. IDENTIFY CAUSES AND EFFECTS • Read pg 124 and complete the cause and effect chart Egyptian pharaohs Got worried because Kush was growing Wealthy and building A strong army Will they attack? 13

14. A CHANGE IN POWER Kush grew stronger. Shabaka declared himself pharaoh Egypt is conquered by Kush Pharaohs of Egypt grew weaker 25th, or Kushite Dynasty Kashta (a king in Kush) attacked and took Upper Egypt Tried to restore Egyptian culture and temples, so it thrived Created relations with lower Egypt Assyrians came in with their iron weapons and pushed Kushites out of Egypt Piankhi took Upper Egypt b/c "the gods wanted him to" 14

15. IMPORTANCE OF IRON • Assyrians invaded Egypt and drove Kushites out • Kushites learned the secret of iron weapons from the Assyrians • Soon, Kushites were using iron tools (they became more. efficient farmers and warriors) • Kushites began trading iron Mm. far away, and brought back many new resources Check out the big book for info on the Assyrians

16. A NEW CAPITAL • Kushites moved capital to Meroe to be out of reach of the Assyrians (so did they move south or north?) • City was built to look Egyptian • Center of trade for the region for hundreds of years • Go to pg.128 in your book and analyze the map

17. KUSHITE PYRAMIDS

18. PRACTICE NOTE-TAKING SKILLS • Set up a T-chart to take cornel notes • Read pages 128-131 • Take notes on the important ideas • Sub-headings (red) tell us main topics • These go on the left • Find important details on the right 18

19. PARTNER QUICK CHECK • Why is trade so important, and how did geography, or where people decided to set up their cities, influence whether or not they became wealthy and powerful?