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PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1. LEARNING OUTCOMES. Be able to list the functions of the skeleton. List the various types of bone in the body. Know the different types of joint and list examples. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 1. Support and shape Protection

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

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  1. PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1

  2. LEARNING OUTCOMES • Be able to list the functions of the skeleton. • List the various types of bone in the body. • Know the different types of joint and list examples.

  3. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 1 • Support and shape • Protection • Movement and attachments • Production and stores

  4. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 2 Support and shape • It gives support to the organs and tissues of the body. • It gives the body shape. • It hold vital organs in place. • It enables us to achieve good posture.

  5. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 3 Protection The skeleton protects the body from injury. For example: • The skull – protects the brain • Vertebral column – protects the spinal cord • Rib cage – protects the heart and lungs • The orbits – protect the eyes.

  6. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 4 Movement and attachments • The muscles use bones to cause movement. • It provides attachment for muscles and ligaments. • It is jointed to allow wide ranges of movement. • The bones act as levers with the muscles.

  7. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 5 Production and stores • Blood cells are produced by the marrow located in some bones. • Both red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. • Specific places of production are the ribs, humerus, vertebrae and femur. • Bones serve as a storage area for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

  8. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 6 Qs. What is the largest bone in the body? The femur

  9. TYPES OF BONE 1 These consist of: - • Short bones - metatarsals. • Long bones – femur. • Irregular bones – vertebrae. • Flat – scapula • Sesamoid bones – patella.

  10. TYPES OF BONE 2 Qs. How many bones are there in the human body? Label up the diagram of a skeleton

  11. TYPES OF BONE 3 206 bones

  12. JOINTS OF THE SKELETON 1 There are three basic types of joint: - • Immovable – cranial bones and teeth sockets. • Slightly movable – pubic symphysis and ribs. • Synovial joints – the main type. Synovial joints allow free movement or as much movement as the articulating surfaces permit.

  13. TYPES OF JOINTS 2 Immovable Joints Hip Hands OUR JOINTS Knee Synovial Joints Feet Slightly Movable Joints Shoulder Atlas & Axis Elbow

  14. SYNOVIAL JOINTS There are six types of synovial joint in the body: - • Ball and socket - the shoulder. • Hinge - the elbow. • Pivot - the atlas and axis. • Saddle - the thumb. • Gliding - the vertebrae. • Condyloid - the wrist.

  15. HOMEWORK Task 1. What is the difference between red and white bone marrow and what is their importance? Task 2. What are the three types of cartilage in the human body? What is the purpose of cartilage?

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