Concerns about women participation

1. Explaining women’s civic and political participation: the role of political, social and psychological factors. Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Norberto Ribeiro, Carla Malafaia, Joaquim Coimbra, Elvira Cicognani& Isabel Menezes. Paper presented at the Surrey PIDOP Conference on “Political and Civic Participation”, April 16th-17th, 2012, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

2. Concernsaboutwomenparticipation • Gap gender – different levels of participation or different forms of be engaged? (Andersen, 1997; Burns 2007; Paxton, Kunhovich & Hughes, 2007) • A political need - women from different cultures and background need to be included in public and private arenas (Lister et. al, 2007) • Creating models of participation under the assumption that participation is influenced by several factors and dimensions.

3. The sample The data was collected by the Portuguese team of PIDOP

4. Forms of participation

5. Levelsof participation

6. Levels of participation In general: - Reduction of the gender gap in terms of levels of participation… - Inversion of the gap gender on the minority groups… but…

7. Gender ≠s on participation

8. Gender ≠s on political attitudes

9. Gender ≠s on political attitudes

10. Gender ≠s on political attitudes

11. Independently of the migrants status, let´s analyze the role of motivations, perceived effectiveness (Klandermans, 1997; 2002), political interests, political attentiveness (Van Deth & Elff; 2004) and sense of community - community change (Ryan, Agnitsch, Zhao & Mullick, 2005) on participation - in relation with the both gender…. We realize several dilutions of gender differences regarding the participation action, but slightly changes on political attitudes. Could this suggest the major role of political opportunities? Gender differences on economic participation, with women revealing advantages, exception on Brazilian origin group Maintenance of traditional gender differences (e.g., self-political efficacy) Inversion of the traditional gender gap (e.g., political knowledge) on the group with Angolan origin – cultural issues? Brazilian youth are those who reported few gender ≠s Angolan group is the group who show more gender ≠s Portuguese group shown more advantages of men on political attitudes.

12. Conventionalformsof CPP

13. Economic participation

14. Civil disobedience

15. Participationonthe Internet

16. Vote

17. Perceived effectiveness of participation explain a significant part of all the forms of participation on both genders – consistent with the literature (Klandermans, 1997; 2002; Bandura, 2001) • Our models seems to better explains the variance on economic participation and also participation on the internet - different forms of participation have different predictors • Gender differentiation under the predictors of participation – sense of community seems to be important to explain conventional forms of civic and political participation of men (but not women). Motivations is a important predictor of women, but not men, economic participation • Excepting on vote, politicalattentiveness is one significant predictors of female participation behaviors (but not male) • There is no gender differences on the model of vote in elections - efficacy and political interest Nevertheless, further analysis should considered that different groups can have different predictors of participation: ethnicity and migrant status…

18. The PIDOP project is supported by a grant received from the European Commission 7th Framework Programme, FP7- SSH-2007-1, Grant Agreement no: 225282, Processes Influencing Democratic Ownership and Participation (PIDOP) awarded to the University of Surrey (UK), University of Liège (Belgium), Masaryk University (Czech Republic), University of Jena (Germany), University of Bologna (Italy), University of Porto (Portugal), Örebro University (Sweden), Ankara University (Turkey) and Queen’s University Belfast (UK)