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Ch 22: Exploring Space

Ch 22: Exploring Space. “Imagination is more important than knowledge” -Albert Einstein. Section 1: Rocket Science. ROCKET-- machine that uses escaping gases to move THRUST -- the force that accelerates a rocket

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Ch 22: Exploring Space

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  1. Ch 22: Exploring Space

  2. “Imagination is more important than knowledge” -Albert Einstein

  3. Section 1: Rocket Science ROCKET-- machine that uses escaping gases to move THRUST -- the force that accelerates a rocket Robert Goddard – 1st person to build rockets & known as the “father of modern rocketry”

  4. Rockets work according to… Newton’s 3rd law of motion: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

  5. Orbital velocity: speed and direction a rocket must have to orbit Earth (8 km/s) Escape Velocity: speed and direction a rocket must have to completely break away (escape) from a planet’s gravitational pull (11 km/s)

  6. NASA:National Aeronautics and Space Administration • NASA was formed in 1958 to compete with Soviet Union’s rocket program. • Occurred during the Cold War(United States vs. Soviets) • At this time, the Soviets were already ahead…

  7. Section 2: Artificial Satellites Artificial Satellite: any human-made object placed in orbit around a body in space

  8. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, in December of 1957. • This began the “Space Race” between the U.S. and Soviet Union, and influenced the creation of NASA

  9. While the first attempt failed, the United States followed by launching Explorer 1, 4 months later in 1958.

  10. Low Earth Orbit (LEOs): an orbit located a few hundred km above the Earth’ surface • Satellites in LEO move quickly, placing them out of contact much of the time • Defense and spying • Satellites in LEO eventually spiral toward Earth

  11. Geosynchronous Orbit: an orbit much higher than LEO; satellite travels at a speed that matches the rotational speed of the Earth exactly • Satellites in GEO are positioned above the same spot on Earth at all times. • Communication • Local Weather

  12. Satellite programs are used for: • Weather observations • Communications • Mapping the Earth • Tracking ocean currents • Crop growth • Urban development • Environmental Observations

  13. Section 4: Living and Working in Space Space Shuttle:a reusable vehicle that takes off like a rocket and lands like an airplane • Can take up to 8 astronauts into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to: • -launch satellites • -work on International Space Station • Missions last up to two and a half weeks

  14. Famous First Astronauts Yuri Gagarin — First human to orbit the Earth (Soviets April ’61) Alan Shepard — First American to reach space, but NOT orbit (U.S. May ’61) John Glenn — First American to Orbit the Earth (U.S. Feb ’62)

  15. Space Station: long-term orbiting platform from which other vehicles can be launched or scientific research can be carried out. • The International Space Station (ISS) is a collaboration the US and 15 other countries (Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom)

  16. SKY LAB • Sky Lab was U.S.’s first space station • Launched in ’73 • Fell into Indian Ocean in ’79 Remember…all objects in LEO will eventually fall to Earth, unless we prevent it

  17. Project Mercury (1961-1963): • 1-manned spacecraft • Purpose: • To orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth • To investigate man’s ability to function in space • To recover both man and spacecraft safely

  18. Project Gemini (1965-1966): • 2-manned spacecraft • Purpose: • To subject man and equipment to 2 week space flight • To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles • To perfected methods of entering the atmosphere

  19. Apollo Missions (1967-1972): • 3-manned spacecraft • Purpose: • Scientific exploration of the Moon • Missions 7-17, landing 12 men on the moon • Missions 7-17, landing 12 men on the moon • The Apollo spacecraft had 3 parts: • Command Module • Service Module • Lunar Module (LEM)

  20. Apollo 11 • First landing on the moon—July 20, 1969 • Neil Armstrong: 1st man to walk on moon • Ed “Buzz” Aldrin: 2nd man to walk on moon Michael Collins Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin

  21. Apollo 13 • Scheduled to be 3rd mission to land on moon • Due to an explosion on the Service Module, they had to use the Lunar Module as a “life boat” and never made it to the moon • They returned safely to Earth in the Command Module

  22. The Return of the Apollo 13 Astronauts

  23. NASA’s Future • Missions to the Moon…then on to Mars Saturn V Aries V Aries I Space Shuttle

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