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HTML 101

HTML 101. HTML. HTML is a standard Maintained by a nonprofit, international organization participated by many IT companies W3.org. HTML. Simple Just markups and plaintext Readable by human Use plain text Editable by Notepad Verbose Readable and friendly to human

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HTML 101

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  1. HTML 101

  2. HTML • HTML is a standard • Maintained by a • nonprofit, • international organization • participated by many IT companies • W3.org

  3. HTML • Simple • Just markups and plaintext • Readable by human • Use plain text • Editable by Notepad • Verbose • Readable and friendly to human • Leave the chore to computer • Good!!!

  4. HTML Versions • Now comes HTML 4.0 and XHTML • Strict syntax as XML • Lowercase tags • About content, not format, which is designated to css • HTML 5.0 • Canvas • …

  5. The file extension • .html • .htm

  6. Editable by • Notepad • dreamWeaver • Visual Studio • … • Browsable by • Ie • Opera • Chrone • …

  7. You will learn • Syntax • Editor • Tags/Atributes

  8. HTML Syntax

  9. HTML文档基本结构 <html> <head> <!—Here goes the info about the document--> </head> <body> <!—Here goes the content--> </body> </html>

  10. HTML Tag Basics Start tag End tag <h1>Hello World</h1> Tags “mark up” the HTML document. The tags are read and interpreted by the browser - but not shown. Attribute <img src=”x.gif” /> A self closing tag does not need a corresponding end tag. Self-closing tag

  11. ML--Element • The start tag and end tag must be paired; note the slash • There are elements /texts between the start tag and end tag

  12. ML--Element • We have rules regarding the element name and what content it holds • You must use specified element name and cannot create your own element • The element name is lowercase, generally

  13. ML--Element • For element with no content, the start tag and end tag are collapsed into one like <hr/>. • hr means horizontal row, a horizontal line.

  14. Attributes • <html> • <head> • <title>Untitled Page</title> • </head> • <body> • 姓名: • <input type="text" /> • 婚否 • <input type="checkbox" checked/> • </body> • </html> • Separated by at least one whitespace • Value must be quoted by double quotes • A property can have no value • Same Property name doesn’t occur twice • Attribute identifier contains no special chars such as =,”, etc.

  15. HTML标记 lower case • Tag/ Attribute • 一般小写

  16. ML--Content • <html> • <head> • <title>Untitled Page</title> • </head> • <body> • 姓名: • <input type="text" /> • 婚否 • <input type="checkbox" checked/> • </body> • </html> • In the starting note and ending note is the content, including other tags and/or plain texts

  17. ML--Content • <html> • <head> • <title>Untitled Page</title> • </head> • <body> • 姓 名 : • <input type="text" /> • 婚 • 否 • <input type="checkbox" checked/> • </body> • </html> Redundant space and carriage enter are ignored • Note the space before, in and after “姓 名:” • Note the newline in “婚否”is displayed as whitespace • If you want to insert some whitespace, or other special chars, such >, you have to…see next slide

  18. Escape Special Chars

  19. Escape Special chars • &Aring; vs &aring; • Entity name ,case sensitive • &#65; &#1234;&#229; • Entity number ,decimal • &#xe5 • Entity number, hexadecimal, case insensitive <html> <head> <title>Untitled Page</title> </head> <body> 姓名: <input type="text" /> 婚否? <input type="checkbox" checked/> <br /> 请朗读以下字符：&Aring;&aring;&#65;&#1234;&#229;&#Xe5;&#xE5; &amp;&lt;&gt;&quot;&nbsp; </body> </html>

  20. How to display a world map with only one character <html> <body> <p style="font-family:Webdings;font-size:600px;">&#0251;</p> </body> </html>

  21. Edit HTML

  22. Good habit to code ML-Indent • Start and end at the same indent position • Content needs a unit of indent. • Use tab <tag> <subTag1>…</subtag1> <subTag2> … </subTag2> </tg> Help you debug

  23. ML Coding—outline first • Write the outlying pair (tags, quotes, braces, etc) first, then insert its content. E.g • <tag></tag> • <tag>””</tag> • <tag> • “…” • <subTag> • </subTag • </tag> • Make the code syntactically right always • Help debug • Lest that the latter part be forgotten

  24. tools • Notepad • Visual Studio • DreamWeaver • Word, excel, … • …

  25. debug • FireBug • Browser • Press F12 in new versions of IE

  26. Validating HTML • To validate a web page, you can use the online validator • Paste, or upload the HTML or use a URL • http://validator.w3.org Source: W3C http://validator.w3.org/check

  27. HTML Tags

  28. Comment • <!--comment inserts here--> • If you want to delete some contents temporally, you can comment it out. • <html> • <head> • <!--<title>Hi, HTML</title>--> • </head> • </html>

  29. HTML常用标记 inhead <title> <meta> <meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML" /> <meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML, CSS, XML" />

  30. HTML常用标记 inhead • <title> • HTML, CSS, XML" />

  31. meta name=“___” • <meta> • <meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML" /> • <meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML, CSS, XML" />

  32. Refresh by http-equiv • <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="300"> • <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="20; URL=page4.html">

  33. Meta name=… • Author • The value must be a free-form string giving the name of one of the page's authors.

  34. base • have either an href attribute, a target attribute, or both, specifying • the document base URL for the purposes of resolving relative URLs, • the name of the default browsing context for the purposes of following hyperlinks. The • There must be no more than one base element per document.

  35. <head> • <base href="http://www.example.com/news/index.html"> • </head> • <body> • <a href="archives.html">archives</a> would be a link to http://www.example.com/news/archives.html. • </body>

  36. Link • <link rel="stylesheet" href="B" type="text/css"> • <link rel="stylesheet" href="C">

  37. HTML常用标记 inbody <h1>… <h6> <div> <span><p> <hr><br> <img> <object><iframe> <a> <!– 注释内容 --> <table><form> 

  38. <article> • <section>

  39. Header Levels <h1>First Major Heading</h1> <h2>First Subheading</h2> <h2>Second Subheading</h2> <h3>A Sub-subheading</h3> <h1>Another Major Heading</h1> <h2>Another Subheading</h2> Headers were very ugly in default rendering - most folks started with <h3>.

  40. <p>paragraph</p>

  41. bdi

  42. bdi • The bdi element represents a span of text that is to be isolated from its surroundings for the purposes of bidirectional text formatting. [BIDI] • For the purposes of applying the bidirectional algorithm to the contents of a bdi element, user agents must treat the element as a paragraph-level container. • For the purposes of applying the bidirectional algorithm to the paragraph-level container that a bdi element finds itself within, the bdi element must be treated like a U+FFFC OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (in the same manner that an image or other inline object is handled).

  43. Categories: • Flow content. • Phrasing content. • Palpable content. • Contexts in which this element can be used: • Where phrasing content is expected. • Content model:Phrasing content. • Content attributes: • Global attributes • Also, the dir global attribute has special semantics on this element • DOM interface:Uses HTMLElement.

  44. <ul> • <li>User <bdi>jcranmer</bdi>: 12 posts. <li>User <bdi>hober</bdi>: 5 posts. • <li>User <bdi>إيان</bdi>: 3 posts. • </ul>

  45. bdo

  46. The bdo element represents explicit text directionality formatting control for its children. It allows authors to override the Unicode bidirectional algorithm by explicitly specifying a direction override. [BIDI]

  47. bdo vs bdi

  48. bdi • unicode • bdo • Explicitly by dir

  49. ... <ruby> 汉<rt>hàn</rt> 字<rt>zì </rt> </ruby>...

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