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2.1 Location in space and time 2.2 age of enlightenment

2.1 Location in space and time 2.2 age of enlightenment. The french revolution. LESSON 1: How it all started. KING LOUIS XIV. King Louis XIV of France was an example of an “absolute monarchy,” which is when the monarch (king or queen) holds ALL of the power…

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2.1 Location in space and time 2.2 age of enlightenment

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  1. 2.1 Location in space and time 2.2 age of enlightenment The french revolution

  2. LESSON 1: How it all started KING LOUIS XIV • King Louis XIV of France was an example of an “absolute monarchy,” which is when the monarch (king or queen) holds ALL of the power… • In fact, it was believed that kings were chosen by God to lead their people... • The king could impose taxes, make laws, put people on trial, appoint and fire government officials, declare war, sign peace treaties and spend as much money as he pleased (which Louis XIV had no problem doing)… • For instance, let us take a tour through Louis’ palace located near Paris (in Versailles) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=852eroBwDrA

  3. The age of revolution • Many French citizens grew increasingly critical of the king’s authority and the special privileges awarded to certain social groups… • French citizens were looking for change, as they demanded for more equality and freedom! • This protest movement soon led the kingdom of France into the revolution of 1789!

  4. The social divisions in france • The Clergy: • High Clergy: lived in luxury, from nobility • Low Clergy: Parish Priests • Nobility: Landowners, did not work, income from land and royal allowances, hereditary (born noble), members of kings court- royal administers or military commanders • The Third Estate: EVERYONE ELSE peasants, bourgeois professionals (merchants, bankers, etc.)

  5. The French Estates Does this seem fair?

  6. Homework • My History Log: • Read page 70-72 • Page 73-74 #1-8

  7. Estates General Meeting has come to order

  8. 1st Estate-Clergy • You represent 1% of the population and count for 1/3 of the vote

  9. 2nd Estate-Nobility • You represent 2% of the population and count for 1/3 of the vote

  10. 3rd Estate- Everyone Else • You represent 97% of the population and count for 1/3 of the vote • And you pay all the taxes 

  11. 1st, 2nd 3rd Estate • Would anyone like to move to a new Estate? • Moving to the Clergy or Nobility (aristocracy) will require the completion of tasks

  12. Estates General • Vote: should the Clergy and Nobility share their snacks and drinks? • Vote: Should the third estate pay for the Nobility and Clergy to go downstairs and buy more snacks? • Vote: Should the Third Estate have 60% of the vote and the clergy and nobility 40%?

  13. Estates General • Vote: Should the Clergy and Nobility receive 90-95% on all assignments just for handing them in? • Vote: Should the Clergy and Nobility be allowed to arrive late to class and wear headphones in class? • Vote: The Clergy and Nobility are now allowed to text in class and look up answers, should this apply to the Third Estate as well?

  14. Feeling Equal? • Write a journal to respond to the following questions • How were people treated differently during the Estates General Meeting? • What fraction of the vote did you have, could it change the outcome of the vote? • Did you feel the treatment was fair? • How do you think the other estates felt? • What should be done to make sure everyone is equal? • What do you think the actual French Third Estate did to make everyone equal?

  15. Lesson 3- Fighting for rights • Imagine Mr. Singfield had “Absolute Power” the same way Louis XIV did. • What power might he exercise over students and staff that would be unfair? • What could students and staff do about it? Crash Course World History- French Revolution

  16. English revolution • King James II tried to establish an absolute monarchy • Parliament’s reaction- NO WAY!! • Drafted a Bill of Rights, set strict limits on King’s powers • James II was overthrown • A new monarchy and Parliament was established with a Bill of Rights • France heard about these changes and were inspired by what was accomplished there without bloodshed

  17. The AGE of Revolution American Revolution • British Rebels wanted fair representation in British Politics and refused to pay taxes to Britain without it • A rebellion started and turned into a Revolution with the help of the French. • The 13 colonies become the United States This contributed to France’s financial crisis

  18. The AGE OF Enlightenment • The Enlightenment is the name given to the 18th century in reference to the knowledge and important scientific advancements that came to light at this time… • Many 18th century thinkers (Enlightenment philosophers) opposed this idea of absolute power… • These writers and philosophers denounced the king’s abuse of power and proposed a new way to govern in which the people would be better represented… • They developed the principles of “natural rights” or “fundamental rights,” which define what citizens are free to do in a society…

  19. Enlightenment philosophers John Locke (English Philosopher) Voltaire (French Writer and Philosopher) Voltaire published several works about religious tolerance Voltaire believed in freedom of belief (i.e. no Church should impose its faith… an individual should have the right to choose) • Locke opposed absolute monarchy • Locke believed that people were born free and equal • Locke believed that the power belonged to the people • Champion of Liberalism (i.e. individual freedom)

  20. Enlightenment Philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Genevan Philosopher) Baron de Montesquieu (French Philosopher) In every society there are three kinds of power and he wanted these powers separated Legislative powers (i.e. law making) Executive powers (i.e. enforcing the laws) Judicial powers (i.e. judging those accused of breaking the laws) In an absolute monarchy, the king holds all three kinds of powers Montesquieu believed that this led to injustices • Rousseau believed that all people were equal • Rousseau believed that power belonged to the people and not to the king • Rousseau believed that the people should be able to choose what kind of political system they wanted

  21. Philosophy of the enlightenment (overview) • The right to choose one’s leaders (Rousseau) • The separation of powers (Montesquieu) • Freedom of religion (Voltaire) • Freedom of thought and freedom of expression (Locke)

  22. Spread of enlightenment ideas • Enlightenment philosophers used many techniques for spreading their ideas: • Publishing journals, pamphlets and posters • Holding meetings in private living rooms and in cafes • Publishing many books, which were very popular among the bourgeoisie (plays, novels, etc…) • Creation of the Encyclopedia (took 21 years to create) • Encyclopedia was condemned by the Catholic Church and banned by the King • Most people were in favour of the Enlightenment, but the nobility and the king were against these new ideas… • In fact, both Voltaire and Rousseau had to flee France and take refuge abroad on several occasions…

  23. homework • My History Log: • Read pages 81-85 • Complete #1-7

  24. Take up Homework • Remember the importance of completing your HW. It will reinforce the ideas learned in the lessons and will be a great source when you are studying for the test and the EXAM. • Pages 84-85, #1-7 • Pages 88-89, #1-6

  25. Watch:What caused the French Revolution? Write down 2 reasons as we watch

  26. What led to the French Revolution? • The king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and residences like Versailles • Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a wasteful spender • Government found its funds depleted as a result of wars • Including the funding of the Seven Years War and American Revolution • Deficit spending – a government spending more money than it takes in from tax revenues • Privileged classes would not submit to being taxed

  27. Short-term Causes of the French Revolution Bad Romance- French Revolution

  28. Tennis Court Oath

  29. National Assembly (1789-1791) • Louis XVI did not actually want a written constitution. • When news of his plan to use military force against the National Assembly reached Paris on July 14, 1789, people stormed the Bastille. • Why did the mobs choose the Bastille? • Gun powder

  30. HOMEwork • My History Log: Read Page 86-87, • Complete # 1-6 page 88-89

  31. Review Questions

  32. Watch: the French RevolutionHistory Channel • The French Revolution TEST April 10- HIS205 TEST April 11- HIS201

  33. Goodbye, Versailles! Adieu, Versailles! • Parisian Commune feared that Louis XVI would have foreign troops invade France to put down the rebellion • Louis XVI’s wife, Marie Antoinette, was the sister of the Austrian emperor • A group of women attacked Versailles on October 5, 1789 • Believed Marie was hoarding grain • Forced royal family to relocate to Paris along with National Assembly • Royal family sent to Paris to spent the next several years in the Tuileries Palace as virtual prisoners

  34. Changes under the National Assembly

  35. Declaration of the Rights of Man

  36. Constitution of 1791 • Democratic features • France became a limited monarchy • King became merely the head of state • All laws were created by the Legislative Assembly • Feudalism was abolished • Undemocratic features • Voting was limited to taxpayers • Offices were reserved for property owners • This new government became known as the Legislative Assembly

  37. Legislative Assembly (1791-1792) • Royal family sought help from Austria • In June, 1791, they were caught trying to escape to Austria • Nobles who fled the revolution lived abroad as émigrés • They hoped that, with foreign help, the Old Regime could be restored in France • Church officials wanted Church lands, rights, and privileges restored • Some devout Catholic peasants also supported the Church • Political parties, representing different interests, emerged • Girondists • Jacobins

  38. Abolishment of the Monarchy • The Convention abolished the monarchy • As long as the royal family lived, the monarchy could be restored • Put the royal couple on trial for treason • Convictions were a foregone conclusion • Louis XVI was guillotined on January 21, 1793 • Marie Antoinette was guillotined on October 16, 1793 • Daughter Marie-Thérèse was allowed to go to Vienna in 1795 (She could not become queen because of Salic law, which did not allow females to succeed to the throne) • Son Louis-Charles, a.k.a. Louis XVII (lived 1785-1795) was beaten and mistreated until he died in prison

  39. The Reign of TError • Revolutionary government decided to make “Terror” the order of the day • They took harsh measures against those suspected of being enemies of the Revolution (nobles, priests, hoarders). • In Paris a wave of executions followed. • During the Reign of Terror, at least 300,000 suspects were arrested; 17,000 were officially executed, and perhaps 10,000 died in prison or without trial • More political complications and coups followed and Napolean Bonaparte was established as the First Consul of France • He went on to try and take over Europe…yikes

  40. Homework • My History Log • Read page 90-91 • Complete page 92-93 # 1-8, 10

  41. Review Questions

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