The Korea UAV Roadmap

1. UAV 2004 The Korea UAV Roadmap June 8, 2004 Prof. Cho, JinSoo / Chairman Hanyang Univ. School of Mechanical Eng. Seoul, Korea

2. UAV committee Chairman : Jinsoo Cho (Hanyang Univ.) * Administrator Bonggyun Kim (KOTEF) * Manager Jon Ahn (Sejong Univ.) Platform Control/Communication Mission Equipment Support/Service Sub-chairman Jaekun Song (Ucon System) + 3 specialists Sub-chairman Jangwhan Park (UAV Center) + 3 specialists Sub-chairman Byungchul Choi (KAL) + 3 specialists Sub-chairman Byunggul An (LG Innotek) + 3 specialists Committee Structure

3. Backgrounds of the Roadmap • High Market Growth Potential • Next-Generation Aerospace Technologies • Heavy Global Competition in the Future : Right Time to Step in • Relatively New Market : Low Entrance Barrier • Rapid Return for R&D : Based on Mature IT Industry of Korea • Relatively Low Risk : Industry Development Based on Domestic Market

4. Vision of Korean UAV Industry (2004-2014) • Major Contender in Global UAV Market • Top-class Technological Competitiveness • Significant Market Share of Domestic & Regional Market • Growth Engine for Korean Aerospace Industry Objective of the Roadmap (2004-2014) • Prediction of Future Market and Future Technology • Selection of Product (Technology) Groups to Concentrate • Define Technical Difficulties & Solution Paths • To Propose Executive UAV System Development Projects

5. Domestic Market Trend • Growing Military Demand in Small/Mini UAV Systems • Quickening of a UAV system parts/equipments industry • Emerging Civilian Market • Intermittence of Military Demand ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Systems, Frost & Sullivan, 2001 ☞ ROK Army Information School , 2002 ☞ Courtesy of Korea Aerospace Industry (KAI)

6. UAV World Market Trend • UAV World Market Growth Market Size in 2012 : 10 Billion $ Growth Rate : 12.2% / year • UAV World Market Distribution ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) Systems, Frost & Sullivan, 2001 ☞ OSD(Office of the Secretary of Defense), D.Wright,www.aerotechnews.com, 2002. 12 ☞ Japan Defense Agency, ToKyo News paper, 2003. 1 ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Systems, Frost & Sullivan, Aerospace Daily, 2002. 12

7. Countries Operating UAVs ☞ US UAV Roadmap 2002(www.acq.osd.mil/usd/uav_roadmap.pdf)

8. ~1990 RPV 1990~2003 Auto Nav. UAV 2003~ Intelligent UAV • Network System • Civil Market Growth • Large UCAV / Micro • Intelligent Operation • Auto Land./ Take Off • Long Endurance • Multi Mission • Self Diagnosis • High Reliability • Tactical System • Small RPV/Drone • Remote Pilot • Short Distance • Simple Mission • Low reliability • Strategic System • Civil Applications • Small/Medium UAV • Auto. Navigation • Mid/Long Distance • Various Mission / • Equipment • Improved Reliability Evolution of UAV Systems

9. Technology Trend : Keywords for 2003-2013 • Large, High Performance / Small, Simple Mission • Auto Landing and Take off / Auto Mission Achievement • Networked Operation of UAV Systems • Broad-Band Digital Communications • Multi-Mission Equipment / Miniaturization / Improved Performance • High Reliability / Low Operation and Maintenance Cost • Increased Endurance and Operation Radius • Novel Propulsion System (Hybrid, Solar Energy) • Standardization of Technology and Regulations • VTOL

10. Reliability Improvement Trend ☞ US UAV Roadmap 2002(www.acq.osd.mil/usd/uav_roadmap.pdf)

11. MISSION FLIGHT VEHICLE Fixed Wing / Rotary Wing Drone / Surveillance / UCAV ALTITUDE PROPULSION Air Breathing / Non-air Breathing / Novel MALE / HALE UAV SYSTEMS SIZE FLIGHT CONTROL Auto Pilot / Navigation Large / Medium / Small / Mini /Micro TAKE-OFF CTOL / STOVL / VTOL UAV INDUSTRY + OPERATION COMMUNICATION RF Equipment / Broad Band Data-link / Long Distance Relay / Encryption SYSTEM COMPONENT MISSION EQUIPMENT EO-IR / SAR / NBC & Mine Detection/ Fire Control / Fish Detection GROUND CONTROL GCS / Auto Landing / Multi-Control SUPPORT EQUIPMENT IFF / Self Diagnosis / Launch & Recovery FLIGHT TEST Flight Test / Evaluation / Data Process OPERATION/ STANDARD INT. COOPERATION International Standards REGULATIONS Frequency / Air Space Laws / Air Traffic Control / Safety Certification TRAINING/ QUALIFICATION Operator Training / Qualification / Manual Technology Tree of UAV Industry & Operation

12. 2. Control and Communication b1. Tracking Antenna b2. Uplink TX & RX b3. Image Compress / Decompress b4. Broad-Band Downlink TX / RX b5. Communication Control b6. Ground Control System b7. Video Control / Analysis System b8. Mission Control System b9. TCS b10. Auto Takeoff / Landing System b11. Network TX Equipment 4. Support and & Service d1. Launcher d2. Recovery System d3. Training Support System d4. Operation Support System d5. Maintenance Support System d6. System Test Equipment d7. Integrated Information System d8. Information Analysis System d9. Off-Site Control System d10. UAV Certification System d11. Regulation d12. Ground Power • 1. Platform • a1. Fixed Wing System • a2. Rotary Wing System • a3. Novel Flight Vehicle • a4. Flight Computer • a5. Navigation System • a6. Landing/Take off System • a7. Anti Collision System • a8. Power Supply System • a9. Self Diagnosis System • a10. Flight Data Recorder • a11. Electric Equipment • a12. Propulsion Integration • a13. Reciprocating Engine • a14. Small Turbofan • a15. Small Turboprop/Shaft • a16. Electrical Propulsion • a17. Novel Propulsion • a18. Flight Test • a19. System Integration • a20. IFF • a21. ATC Communication • a22. Onboard Recovery Sys. 3. Mission Equipment c1. EO/IR c2. SAR c3. Weather/Environment Sensor c4. Spraying / Dispenser c5. Communication Relay / IDS c6. Scanning Device c7. Armament c8. ECM / ESM c9. Decoy / Target c10. LD / LRF c11. Stabilization System c12. ATR c13. MMW c14. Hoisting c15. NBC detector c16. Radar c17. PA (Public Amplifier) c18. Mission Computer Classification of UAV Technologies (Products)

13. High b3 b4 b2 a20 c12 a11 b1 c2 c1 c10 a22 b5 a5 b8 b7 b6 c11 d6 d3 d9 d8 d7 b10 c6 c4 c3 b11 a4 d2 d1 a21 a8 a15 a7 b9 c5 Market Growth a16 a2 d5 d4 a19 a18 c18 c13 a14 a9 a6 a12 a13 c9 a10 a1 c17 c8 c7 d10 d11 c14 d12 a17 a3 저 High Relative Market Share Low Market Portfolio of UAV Technologies (Products)

14. High d6 d3 a2 c9 b2 b1 c11 c13 a9 b9 c5 d9 d7 d11 d8 d10 a4 a7 c10 a11 c5 b4 c1 a5 c18 a22 b5 b6 b3 b7 a15 b8 a3 c8 a17 Importance d2 d1 c6 b10 a1 a14 a20 a19 a12 c12 a10 a13 a18 d5 c16 c15 c7 a6 a16 d4 c4 c3 a8 c14 d12 b11 a21 c17 저 Feasibility Low High Technology Portfolio of UAV Technologies (Products)

15. Support / Service Mission Equipment Control/Communication Platform • EO/IR • Scanning Device • Stabilization System • Tracking Antenna • Uplink TX & RX • Image Compression/ • Decompression • Broad-Band Downlink TX / RX • Communication Control • Ground Control System • Video Control / Analysis Sys. • Mission Control System • Auto Takeoff / Landing Sys. • Training Support System • System Test Equipment • Rotary Wing System • Flight Computer • Navigation System • Electric Equipment • Onboard Recovery • System 1st • Integrated Information • System • Information Analysis • System • Off-Site Control System • Electrical Propulsion • Weather/Environment Sensor • Spraying / Dispenser • Mission Computer 2nd • Communication Relay / IDS • ATR • Fixed Wing System • Flight Data Recorder 3rd • LD/ LRF • TCS 4th Priority Analysis of the Portfolios

16. UAV System Roadmap 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Market + R&D Demand for UAV Systems UAV Projects Small (R) Rotary Wing System (D) Mini UAV System (D) Small UAV System (D) Target Drone (R)MALE / HALE (P) Domestic Civil Demand in Mini UAV System (D)HALE (D) Rotary Wing Surveillance Sys (R) Novel Rotary UAV Close Surveillance UAV System Multi-Roll Surveillance UAV Multi-Roll Surveillance UAV System 1st : Market 2nd : Components 3rd : Global Market Phase Propulsion Endurance Op. Radius Op. Altitude Reciprocating Electric/Small Gas Turb. Electric/Small Gas Turbine 3+ HR to Half Day Days 2+ HR 200km + 200km + < 50km 2km + 12km + 1.5km + (D) : Development , (R) : Research , (P) : Domestic Market Demand

17. Definition of Platform • Definition Flight Vehicle and Subsystems consisting Autopilot / Navigation Sys. • Characteristics • Weight & EMI of Mission Equipments are Critical. • Mission Dependent Endurance & Radius • System Reliability Dependent on Subsystems & Integration • Flight Vehicle is Less Important than Manned Vehicles. • Categories • Flight Vehicle : Fixed Wing & Rotary Wing Air Vehicle, Recovery Sys, Propulsion Sys, System Integration, System Test • Onboard Equipments : Flight Computer, Navigation Sys, Electrical Sys, Collision Avoidance Sys, Diagnosis Sys, Flight Data Recorder, IFF, ATC

18. Platform : Market & Technology Trend Domestic Market • Approx. 30% of UAV System Acquisition Cost • Flight Vehicle (Fixed Wing / Rotary Wing) • More Efficient & Reliable Propulsion • Advanced Rotor System • FBW, High Maneuverability • Stealth Technologies • Flight Computer / Navigation System • Smaller / Lighter / Multi-Path System • Higher Accuracy / Reliability • Technology Transfer • Electrical System • Power Management System • Smaller / Lighter / Higher Power System • Onboard Recovery System: • Lighter / Reliability / Auto Repacking World Market ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Systems, Frost & Sullivan, Aerospace Daily, 2002.12

19. a7 a13 a18 a15 a21 a6 a16 a11 a2 a4 a22 a3 a19 a17 a5 a14 a10 a20 a8 a12 a1 a9 Portfolio of Platform Technologies • 1. Platform • a1. Fixed Wing System • a2. Rotary Wing System • a3. Novel Flight Vehicle • a4. Flight Computer • a5. Navigation System • a6. Landing/Take off Sys • a7. Anti Collision System • a8. Power Supply System • a9. Self Diagnosis System • a10. Flight Data Recorder • a11. Electric Equipment • a12. Propulsion Integration • a13. Reciprocating Engine • a14. Small Turbofan • a15. Small Turboprop/Shaft • a16. Electrical Propulsion • a17. Novel Propulsion • a18. Flight Test • a19. System Integration • a20. IFF • a21. ATC Communication • a22. Airborne Recovery Sys High Importance Low High Low Feasibility

20. Definition of Control & Communication • Definition • Ground Control System • Ground & Airborne RF Bi-directional Data-link System • Characteristics • Real-time Flight / Take-Off / Landing Control • Prediction & Measure for Emergency Situation is Critical • Higher Requirements on Communication Range & Data Band Width • Encrypted Data, Redundant Dual Data-Link • Categories • Control Equipment : Flight Control / Video Control & Analysis / Mission Control / Auto Take-Off & Landing System • Communication Equipment : Tracking Antenna System, Up-link RX & TX, Video Compress/Decompress Equipment, Broadband Downlink RX & TX

21. Control : Market & Technology Trend Domestic Market : Control Million $ World Market : Control • Approx. 15 % of UAV System Cost • Higher Reliability • Real Time Video Image Enhancement • Autonomous Target Recognition • Networked Information Analysis • Autonomous Take-Off & Landing • Commonality & Standardization • Networked Off-Site Control Million $ Flight Control Equipment Image Control and Analysis Equipment Mission Plan Equipment Automatic Landing/Take-off Guidance Equipment ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Systems, Frost & Sullivan, Aerospace Daily, 2002.12

22. Communication : Market & Technology Trend Domestic Market : Communication • Approx. 15 % of UAV System Cost • High-Gain Onboard Antenna • Satellite Communication • Auto Tracking • Broader Bandwidth • Anti-Jamming Technologies • MPEG-4 Compress/Decompress Standard • Standardization World Market :Communication ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Systems, Frost & Sullivan, Aerospace Daily, 2002.12

23. b6 b10 b3 b1 b2 b5 b8 b9 b7 b11 b4 Portfolio of Control & Communication Technologies 2. Control and Communication b1. Tracking Antenna b2. Uplink TX & RX b3. Image Compress/Decompress b4. Broad-Band Downlink TX / RX b5. Communication Control Sys. b6. Ground Control System b7. Video Control / Analysis Sys. b8. Mission Control Sys. b9. TCS b10. Auto Takeoff / Landing Sys. b11. Network TX Equipment High Importance Low High Low Feasibility

24. Definition of Mission Equipments • Definition Mission Related Equipments Onboard the UAV • Characteristics • Perceived Indicator of UAV System Performance • Multi-Functioning Equipments • Application of Commercial Products • Categories • EO/IR : Visual/IR Video Camera • Scanning Device : Synthetic Aperture Radar, Laser Radar • Stabilization System : Shock/Vibration Absorbing Sys, Tracking Sys

25. Mission Equipment : Market & Technology Trend Domestic Market World Market • Approx. 12 % of UAV System Cost • Rapid Growth of FLIR Market • Higher Resolution / Performance • Smaller / Lighter / Cheaper • Long Term Growth of SAR Market • 3 Dimensional LADAR • Small / Cheap Stabilization System ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Systems, Frost & Sullivan, Aerospace Daily, 2002.12

26. c8 c7 c15 c17 c14 c16 c9 c11 c1 c3 c18 c6 c12 c4 c13 c10 c5 c5 Portfolio of Mission Equipment Technologies High 3. Mission Equipment c1. EO/IR c2. SAR c3. Weather/Environment Sensor c4. Spraying / Dispenser c5. Communication Relay / IDS c6. Scanning Device c7. Armament c8. ECM / ESM c9. Decoy / Target c10. LD / LRF c11. Stabilization System c12. ATR c13. MMW c14. Hoisting c15. NBC detector c16. Radar c17. PA (Public Amplifier) c18. Mission Computer Importance Low High Low Feasibility

27. Definition of Support & Service • Definition Support & Test System Related with UAV Operation & Maintenance • Characteristics • Most Time-Consuming Part of UAV System Operation • Inter-Organization & International Cooperation Needed for Standard & Regulation • Categories • Launcher / Recovery System, Ground Support Equipment • Integrated Information System • Operation / Maintenance Training Equipment, Simulator • System Maintenance Equipment, System Test Equipment • Certification, Air Traffic Management, Safety Regulation

28. Support & Service : Market & Technology Trend Domestic Market • Training Support System • Approx. 10 % of UAV System Cost • Integrated Training System : Internal/External Pilot, Digital Operation/Maintenance Manual • Higher Standards in Training : Equivalent to Manned Aircrafts. • System Test Equipments • Approx. 3-5 % of UAV System Cost • Multi-function, Automation, Modularization World Market ☞ World Market for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Systems, Frost & Sullivan, Aerospace Daily, 2002.12

29. d1 d10 d11 d2 d3 d6 d7 d8 d4 d5 d12 d9 Portfolio of Support & Service Technologies High 4. Support & Service d1. Launcher d2. Recovery System d3. Training Support System d4. Operation Support System d5. Maintenance Support System d6. System Test Equipment d7. Integrated Information System d8. Information Analysis d9. Off-Site Control System d10. UAV Certification System d11. Regulation d12. Ground Power Importance Low High Low Feasibility

30. Executive UAV Development Project – 1st Phase Powerline Fishery Traffic Management Close Surveillance UAV System Agriculture GIS, Digital Map Environment

31. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Market + R&D Demand for UAV Systems UAV Projects Small (R) Rotary Wing System (D) Mini UAV System (D) Small UAV System (D) Target Drone (R)MALE / HALE (P) Domestic Civil Demand in Mini UAV System (D)HALE (D) Rotary Wing Surveillance Sys (R) Novel Rotary UAV Close Surveillance UAV System Multi-Roll Surveillance UAV Multi-Roll Surveillance UAV System 1st : Market 2nd : Components 3rd : Global Market Phase Propulsion Endurance Op. Radius Op. Altitude Reciprocating Electric/Small Gas Turb. Electric/Small Gas Turbine 3+ HR to Half Day Days 2+ HR 200km + 200km + < 50km 2km + 12km + 1.5km + UAV System Roadmap (D) : Development , (R) : Research , (P) : Domestic Market Demand

32. Conclusions • High Market Growth Potential • Next-Generation Aerospace Technologies • Growth Engine for Korean Aerospace Industry • Systematic Analysis of UAV Technologies and Market • Selection of Technologies to Concentrate • Executive UAV System Development Plan • Considering Mature IT Industry, Domestic Market Potential, and Future Entrance Barrier, it is the Right Time for Korea to Focus on the UAV Industry