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Battery Basics

Battery Basics. Batteries produce electricity by spontaneous chemical reactions Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy An electrochemical cell has three main parts Two electrodes (Anode and Cathode) of dissimilar metals electrolyte. Battery History.

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Battery Basics

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  1. Battery Basics • Batteries produce electricity by spontaneous chemical reactions • Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy • An electrochemical cell has three main parts • Two electrodes (Anode and Cathode) of dissimilar metals • electrolyte

  2. Battery History • 1789 - Dr. Luigi Galvani noticed that muscles could be stimulated to twitch by electrical discharges or by contact with dissimilar metals • 1800 - Alessandro Volta invented the galvanic cell • The voltaic pile is a stack of discs of metal separated by blotters wet with salt water • Each element is a “cell” • 1859 - Gaston Plante invents the lead-acid battery • 1877 – dry cell invented by George Laclanche • 1914 – Edison invents alkaline cell

  3. Battery Types • Primary batteries – or primary cells produce current immediately on assembly. • Usually not rechargeable • Higher energy densities • Secondary batteries – secondary cells or rechargeable batteries • Applying current reverses the chemical reactions • Wet cell – has a liquid electrolyte • Dry cell – uses paste electrolyte with only enough moisture to allow current to flow

  4. Bio Battery • Energy obtained from food through enzymatic reactions • Fuel is glucose

  5. Rechargeable Battery Chemistries

  6. Primary Battery Chemistries

  7. Battery Arrangement and Power • Parallel arrangement • Produce the voltage of a single cell • Increase current • Serial arrangement • Produce the current of a single cell • Increase voltage

  8. Battery Questions • What do the chemicals inside the battery produce? • What are the areas of a battery that are marked positive (+) and negative (-) called? • In which direction must electrons within a battery flow for a chemical reaction to take place? • In 1800, Alessandro Volta made the first battery. What was this primitive battery called? • What kind of battery has a reversible reaction?

  9. Battery Questions • Automobile batteries are made with 6 lead-acid cells. What is the voltage of the battery? How are the cells connected? • My Prius has a NiMH battery providing 201.6V. How many cells does the battery have? • 6 Alkaline batteries are connected in series as shown below. What is the voltage across A and B

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