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General & Credit Exam Questions. Source A is about the difficulties faced by the Provisional Government. Source A.
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Source A is about the difficulties faced by the Provisional Government. Source A The Provisional Government in 1917 wanted to build a democratic Russia. By July 1917, the crowds on the streets had freedom. There was a shortage of food because the railways could not bring enough to the cities. Many Russians soldiers had decided to desert. In the factories there were many strikes. 1. Explain why the Provisional Government faced difficulties in 1917. 3 marks 2008G
Source B is from a letter by the famous Russian writer, Leo Tolstoy, to the Tsar. Source B The numbers of police, regular and secret, and continually growing. The prisons and penal colonies are overcrowded with thousands of convicts and political prisoners, among whom are some industrial workers. Censorship has reached a level not known since the 1840s. 2. Why was it so difficult to oppose the Tsar? 3 marks 2004G
Source C was written by an American journalist who was in Russia during the 1920s. Source C As a result of the New Economic Policy the economic condition of Moscow may be considered to be better than the rest of Russia. However, similar if slower improvements are taking place in other Russian towns. Industrial workers are better all although they are hit by high prices and short-time work in many industries. At least they get paid regularly now. Industrial workers in Moscow still grumble about overcrowding. 3. How important was the New Economic Policy in improving the lives of the people of Russia? 3 marks 2004G
By 1917 the Tsar had lost all political support. 4. Explain why the Tsar was so unpopular by 1917. 4 marks 2010C
In Source D a White officer describes the punishment of a Russian village accused of supporting the Reds in March 1918. Source D My troops entered the village and put the Bolshevik traitors to death. This was the usual punishment. After the executions, their houses were burned. Then the rest of the population was ordered to deliver, without payment, the best cattle, grain and the best horses for us. The whole village protested but we did not care. We did our duty. Many villages had to be dealt with in this way but it was necessary. We did not want a Red victory. 4. Discuss the attitudes towards Russian peasants as shown by the author of Source D. 4 marks 2010C
Source E is from the Manifesto of the Kronstadt rebels, issued in 1921. Source E We joined the Communist Party to help the workers and peasants. But under War Communism the worker has become the slave of the factory instead of its master. He cannot work where he wants to work or turn down work which is beyond his physical strength. Those who dare to say the truth are put in prison where they suffer torture or are shot. 5. What was the attitude of the authors of Source E towards War Communism? 3 marks 2008 G
Source F is from “The Russian Revolution” by John Quinn. Source F By 1921, Russia had been at war for seven years, first against Germany and then against herself. Bad harvests produced one of the worst ever famines. Production dropped: steel making was down by 96% and coal mining down by 90%. The great cities were like ghost towns as workers fled to the countryside in search of food.. 6. How fully does Source F describe the problems faced by the Russian people in 1921? 4 marks 2007 G
