1914-1918: The World at War

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.Chappaqua, NY

2. Differing Viewpoints • “Family Feud” • “Fall of the Eagles” • “The War to End All Wars” • “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. Causesof theWar

4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

5. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

6. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

7. Europe in 1914

8. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

9. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

10. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

11. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

12. Common Issues All nations had war enthusiasts All thought it would help the domestic problems (Trade Unions, women’s suffrage, anti-Semitism, Catholic vs Liberals, etc.) Outbreak of war greeted w/joy

13. The“Spark”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

17. Black Hand did not want Archduke visiting on June 28th—It was the day the Ottomans annexed Serbia, and also their day of independence • Princip tried to assassinate the Archduke two times when he finally succeeded; • He was almost beaten do death by those who arrested him

18. Who’s To Blame?

19. Austria waits three weeks and issues an ultimatum to Serbia • Serbia accepts all but one point • Germany issued Austria a “blank check” of support • Austria rejects Serbia’s reply • July 24, 1914 • Mobilization began on July 30th

20. Russia came to Serbia’s Aid • Germany realizes War is Inevitable • Germany needs to strike first • Germany invades France via Belgium on August 1st and 3rd 1914

21. The Schlieffen Plan

22. German Atrocities in Belgium

23. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

24. Recruitment Posters

25. A Young Australian Recruit

26. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

27. New French Recruits

28. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

30. Womenand theWarEffort

31. Financing the War

32. For Recruitment

33. Munitions Workers

34. French Women Factory Workers

35. German Women Factory Workers

36. Working in the Fields

37. A Woman Ambulance Driver

38. Red Cross Nurses

39. Women in the Army Auxiliary

40. Russian Women Soldiers

41. Spies • “Mata Hari” • Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle • German Spy!

42. Posters:WartimePropaganda

43. Australian Poster

44. American Poster

45. Financing the War

46. German Poster Think of Your Children!

47. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

48. A Multi-Front War

49. The Western Front

50. Trench Warfare