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Hormones

Hormones. Biochemistry. Classification of hormones. Diversity in the storage of hormones. Comparison of receptors with transport proteins. Information pathway. HRU. The hormone response transcription unit. Several signal transduction pathways. Some mammalian coregulator proteins.

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Hormones

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  1. Hormones Biochemistry

  2. Classification of hormones

  3. Diversity in the storage of hormones

  4. Comparison of receptors withtransport proteins

  5. Information pathway

  6. HRU

  7. The hormone response transcriptionunit

  8. Several signal transduction pathways

  9. Some mammalian coregulator proteins

  10. Subclassification of group II.Ahormones

  11. receptor–G protein effector system

  12. Signaling by Gs

  13. The G-protein cycle

  14. Classes and functions of selected G proteins

  15. Enzymes and proteins regulated bycalcium or calmodulin

  16. Receptors linked to Jak kinases

  17. Anterior pituitary hormones • Growth hormone, prolactin, chorionic somatomammotropin group • Growth promoting and lactogenic activity • 190-199 aa • hGHvshCS 85% • hGHvshPRL 35% • Common antigenic determinants • Glycoprotein hormone group • Pro-opiomelanocortin peptide family

  18. Growth hormone (GH) • Synthesis • Somatotropes • Single plypeptide • 22 kDa • 191 aa • Receptor • Cytokine– hematopoietin receptor super family • Single membrane spanning domain

  19. Physiological & biochemical actions • Essential for • Postnatal growth • Normal carbohydrate, lipid ,nitrogen, mineral metabolism • Growth related effects • By IGF-I

  20. Physiological & biochemical actions • Protein synthesis • Increase transport of amino acids into muscle cells • Positive nitrogen balance • Generalized increase in protein synthesis • Decrease plasma and urinary amino acid and urea • Increase synthesis of RNA, DNA • Carbohydrate metabolism • Hyperglycemia • Decreased peripheral utilization of glucose • Hepatic gluconeogenesis • Diabetogen

  21. Physiological & biochemical actions • Impairment of glycolysis • Increase liver glycogen • Lipid metabolism • Lipolysis • Ketogenesis • Mineral metabolism • GH or IGF-I • Growth of long bones at epiphysial plates (appositional or acral growth in adults) • Promote a positive Ca, Mg, P, balance • Retention Na, K, Cl

  22. Physiological & biochemical actions • Prolactin-like effect • Stimulation of mammary glands • Lactogenesis

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