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Biology Review Benchmark Test #2

Biology Review Benchmark Test #2. Standards 2D, 3A ATP/ADP Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration/Fermentation Mitosis Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Regulation & Cancer Stem Cells. Energy. (TRUE or FALSE) Energy is the ability to do work? (TRUE of FALSE) Organisms need ENERGY.

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Biology Review Benchmark Test #2

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  1. Biology ReviewBenchmark Test #2 Standards 2D, 3A ATP/ADP Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration/Fermentation Mitosis Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Regulation & Cancer Stem Cells

  2. Energy • (TRUE or FALSE) Energy is the ability to do work? • (TRUE of FALSE) Organisms need ENERGY. • (TRUE of FALSE) Energy is stored in chemical bonds. • List 3 forms of ENERGY: • Ultimate source of ENERGY is the ___________.

  3. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Label the following ATP molecules and circle high energy bonds:

  4. Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) • Label the following ADP molecules:

  5. ATP-ADP Cycle • ATP  _________ + _________ + _________ • ADP + _________ + ________  _________

  6. ATP, ADP, or Both?

  7. ATP, ADP, or Both?

  8. Photosynthesis • 6 ____ + 6 ____ + _______  ________ + 6 ____ • Light Energy  ___________________ Energy • Organelle  _____________________ • (TRUE or FALSE) Plants, algae, and phytoplankton are photosynthetic. • Most important pigment is ___________________ • Light dependent reactions  light or no light • Light independent reactions  light or no light

  9. Photosynthesis

  10. Photosynthesis

  11. Cellular Respiration • 6 ____ + _______  ______ + 6 _____ + 6 _____ • Chemical Energy (food)  Chemical Energy (ATP) • Organelle  ______________________________ • (TRUE or FALSE) Cell respiration occurs in all eukaryotic organisms. • Aerobic reactions  oxygen or no oxygen • Anaerobic  oxygen or no oxygen

  12. Cellular Respiration • Occurs SLOWLY in 3 Stages: (TRUE or FALSE) Glycolysis is anaerobic while both the Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain is aerobic. Glycolysis_____ a) glucose  pyruvic acid & ATP Krebs Cycle _____ b) produces lots of water and ATP Electron Transport _____ c) pyruvic acid  water, CO2, ATP

  13. Cellular Respiration

  14. Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration

  15. Fermentation • (TRUE or FALSE) Fermentation is anaerobic. • (TRUE or FALSE) Fermentation produces less ATP compared to aerobic cellular respiration. • Fermentation occurs in the _________________. • 2 types of Fermentation: • ____________________________ during EXCERCISE glucose  pyruvic acid  lactic acid + ATP • ____________________________ in yeast for bread glucose  pyruvic acid  alcohol + CO2 + ATP

  16. Cell Size • (TRUE or FALSE) Cells divide because they are more efficient being small. • List 5 activities that smaller cells are better doing:

  17. Cell Division • ____________________________ - process of a cell dividing into two daughter cells. • ____________________________ - repeated pattern of growth & division in cells.

  18. CELLCYCLE

  19. Cell Cycle a) cytoplasm divides  2 cells b) chromosomes pulled apart c) growing, copying DNA (g1, s, g2) d) Chromosomes relax, spindle breaks down, nucleus forms e) chromosome visible, spindle forms, nucleus breaks down f) chromosomes in middle • Interphase ___ • Prophase ___ • Metaphase ___ • Anaphase ___ • Telophase ___ • Cytokinesis ___

  20. Sequence Stages of the Cell Cycle

  21. Mitosis • (TRUE or FALSE) Mitosis produces identical cells with the exact same DNA. • Label the parts of the chromosome:

  22. DNA Gene – section of DNA DNA double helix duplicated chromosome coils nucleosome centromere sister chromatids supercoils histone proteins

  23. Asexual/Sexual Reproduction

  24. Asexual/Sexual Reproduction

  25. Regulating the Cell Cycle • (TRUE or FALSE) Proteins called cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle.

  26. Cancer • _______________________ - uncontrolled growth and division of cells; may form when the cell cycle is not regulated. • _______________________ - large mass of abnormal cells. • (Malignant or Benign) tumors grow & spread slow while (malignant or benign) tumors grow & spread fast to other tissues/organs. • (TRUE or FALSE) Carcinogens cause cancer.

  27. Cancer

  28. Cell Differentiation • ___________________________ - process by which cells become specialized & different. • (TRUE or FALSE) All body cells have the same DNA but during differentiation certain parts of the DNA (genes) are activated to produce cells with specific structures & functions.

  29. Stem Cells • _______________________ - unspecialized cells. • (T/F) Plants have stem cells. • Two types of stem cells in humans: • _____________________ - found in bone marrow • __________________ - cells 5 days after fertilization (ethical controversial)

  30. Applications of Stem Cells • Study normal cell growth, development, & differentiation. • Research diseases & disorders. • Create synthetic organs. • Research & develop new medicines. • Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies • Stems are a renewable source of replacement cells.

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