1 / 21

Types of Immunity

Innate vs. Acquired Active vs. Passive Natural vs. Artificial. Types of Immunity. Antigens. Antigens Epitopes Haptens. Antibodies and Cells. B lymphocytes T lymphocytes 4 sub-types Natural Killer cells. Nature of the Immune system. Humoral Immunity Cell-mediated Immunity

joyaustin
Download Presentation

Types of Immunity

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Innate vs. Acquired Active vs. Passive Natural vs. Artificial Types of Immunity

  2. Antigens • Antigens • Epitopes • Haptens

  3. Antibodies and Cells • B lymphocytes • T lymphocytes • 4 sub-types • Natural Killer cells

  4. Nature of the Immune system • Humoral Immunity • Cell-mediated Immunity • Cell lysis, apoptosis • Foreign eukaryotic cells

  5. General Immune System Properties • Self versus Non-self Recognition • Maturation leads to ________________ • Defects = _______________________ • Specificity • Random gene rearrangements create potential binding sites for antigens • Some cross-reactivity

  6. General Immune System Properties • Diversity • Over 1 billion antigen binding sites are possible • Memory • Sub-populations of stimulated lymphocytes remain in lymph nodes to provide a faster, larger response on second antigen encounter • Basis of “Immunity” or the anamnestic (secondary) response

  7. B lymphocyte binds ________ Bound Ag is engulfed and fragmented within the B cell Ag fragments + ____________________________ (MHC II) proteins together = presented or “processed” antigen Triggers __________________ (IL-2) production from T cells This stimulates B cells further and creates memory cells Known as _______________________, usually proteins Nature of the Immune systemClonal stimulation

  8. Heavy/Light Chains Variable/ Constant Regions Antigen Binding Site Disulfide Bridges Antibody Anatomy

  9. Ig G IgA Ig M Ig E (reagin) Ig D Immunoglobulin Classes

  10. Primary Response IgM initially IgG detectible in 2-3 weeks Levels may drop after initial exposure Memory cells persist Secondary Response Much larger response of IgG Protection against invading microbes and toxins Immune Memory

  11. T-independent No helper T cells No memory cells are created Only IgM Carbohydrate Ag, often capsular on bacteria T-dependent Needs helper T cells Creates memory B cells IgM and IgG Protein Ag Antigen Types

  12. Agglutination Reduction of target count Neutralization Viral and bacterial binding sites for host cell attachment are blocked Complement-mediated effects FC fragment (Constant region) activates complement Cytolysis Opsonization Increased inflammation Effects of Ag/Ab Reactions

  13. MAbs Multiple myeloma cells + normal lymphocytes Hybrid cells are Immortal in large-scale cell culture Specific Ab producers Uses Diagnostic Pregnancy Strep. Throat Chlamydia STD Anticancer Chemo agents may be attached Anti-tissue rejection Allergies to mouse proteins are a challenge Humanized Mabs Monoclonal Antibodies

  14. Cell Mediated Immunity • Activation • Processed antigens presented alongside MHC proteins • TH cells are activated by Ag + MHC II, antigen presenting dendritic cells, B cells or macrophages • TC cells are activated by Ag + MHC I , usually infected cells with intracellular virus or bacteria, transformed cells or transplant cells • Memory T cells can form

  15. Helper T cells (TH) release lymphokines IL-2 stimulates Ab production Activates TC cells Gamma IFN Co-ordinates inflammatory response Antiviral and anti-tumor Delayed Hypersensitivity T cell (TD) TD cells release lymphokines that control macrophage movement/inflammation T Cell Types

  16. Cytotoxic T cells (TC) Produce Perforin proteins Lyse virally infected cells Natural Killer cells Produce Perforin proteins Lyse tumor and bacterially infected cells Activated by lack of MHC proteins on cell membranes, no clonal stimulation T Cell Types (cont.)

  17. Mucosal Immune System • Mostly IgA production • 400 square meters (4500 square feet!) • Gut, GUT, Resp. tract

  18. Disorders/Injuries Genetic tendencies Genetic diseases Environment Seasonal Pollution Rediation Lifestyle Diet Exercise Addictions Age Middle life most healthy Factors Modifying the Immune System

  19. Active Ag administration Toxoid or microbial structural molecule Live vaccines provide longer protection Route of administration affects protection level Passive Ab administration Temporary, protection declines Will affect the course of a disease Allergic reactions are commonest drawback Immunization

  20. Future Considerations • Criteria for new vaccines

  21. Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa/Helminths Immunity to Specific Pathogens

More Related