RNA and Protein Synthesis

1. RNA and Protein Synthesis

2. RNA and Protein Synthesis 1. What does the abbreviation RNA stand for? Ribonucleic acid

3. RNA and Protein Synthesis 2. List three ways RNA is different from DNA. • The sugar in RNA is ribose, not deoxyribose. • RNA is usually single-stranded, not double stranded. • RNA has uracil in place of thymine.

4. RNA and Protein Synthesis 3. If DNA is the “master plan,” then what is RNA? RNA is a Blueprint from the master plan

5. RNA and Protein Synthesis 4. Name three main types of RNA? • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosome

6. RNA and Protein Synthesis 5. What type of RNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes? rRNA ? Proteins Ribosome

7. RNA and Protein Synthesis 6. What type of RNA carries an amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis? tRNA Amino acid ?

8. RNA and Protein Synthesis 7. Proteins are made up of • rRNA • amino acids • enzymes • codons

9. RNA and Protein Synthesis 8. How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins in the body? 20

10. RNA and Protein Synthesis 9. What type of RNA carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell? mRNA

11. RNA and Protein Synthesis 10. What process is shown below? Transcription RNA Polymerase mRNA DNA

12. RNA and Protein Synthesis 11. Where in the cell does transcription take place? In the nucleus mRNA DNA

13. RNA and Protein Synthesis 12. What is the enzyme that transcribes mRNA from DNA called? RNA Polymerase ? mRNA DNA

14. RNA and Protein Synthesis 13. What molecule is being made by RNA polymerase? mRNA ? RNA Polymerase DNA DNA

15. RNA and Protein Synthesis 14. How many codons are shown on the mRNA? 3 mRNA 1 2 3

16. RNA and Protein Synthesis 15. Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA. Template DNA mRNA

17. RNA and Protein Synthesis 15. Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA. RNA Polymerase Template DNA mRNA 16. What enzyme were you simulating when you transcribed DNA into mRNA?

18. RNA and Protein Synthesis 17. What process is shown below? Translation Protein Ribosome tRNA mRNA

19. RNA and Protein Synthesis 18. What is the large, gray molecule? Ribosome Protein ? tRNA mRNA

20. RNA and Protein Synthesis 19. What is the function of the ribosome? • Ribosomes “read” DNA to make RNA. • Ribosomes edit RNA to make DNA. • Ribosomes “read” mRNA to make proteins. • Ribosomes break apart proteins into amino acids.

21. RNA and Protein Synthesis 20. What are the building blocks that make up the protein shown below? Amino acids Protein Ribosome ? tRNA mRNA

22. RNA and Protein Synthesis 21. What is the name of the molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome? tRNA Protein Amino acid Ribosome ? mRNA

23. RNA and Protein Synthesis 22. What is a group of three bases on tRNA called that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA? ? Anticodon Amino acid tRNA

24. RNA and Protein Synthesis 23. What is the name of the long molecule that the ribosome is translating? mRNA Protein Amino acid Ribosome tRNA ?

25. RNA and Protein Synthesis 24. The table below shows the __________ code , which is a collection of codons of mRNA and the amino acids they code for. genetic

26. RNA and Protein Synthesis 25. What are the anticodons that match the three mRNA codons shown below? 1 2 3 tRNA tRNA tRNA anti codons mRNA codons

27. RNA and Protein Synthesis 26. Use the codon chart to determine which amino acid the AUG codon codes for. Methionine tRNA tRNA tRNA M mRNA codons

28. RNA and Protein Synthesis 27. Use the codon chart to determine which amino acid the CCU codon codes for. Proline Methionine P tRNA tRNA tRNA M mRNA codons

29. RNA and Protein Synthesis 28. Use the codon chart to determine which amino acid the AAGcodon codes for. Proline Lysine Methionine K P tRNA tRNA tRNA M mRNA codons

30. RNA and Protein Synthesis 29. The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from messenger RNA is called • DNA synthesis • Transcription • Translation • RNA editing

31. RNA and Protein Synthesis 30. Where in the cell does translation take place? In the cytoplasm

32. RNA and Protein Synthesis 31. The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called • translation • transcription • transformation • replication

33. RNA and Protein Synthesis 32. In messenger RNA, each codon calls for a particular • nucleotide • enzyme • promoter • amino acid

34. RNA and Protein Synthesis 33. What space does DNA go in? B DNA

35. RNA and Protein Synthesis 34. What space does mRNA go in? G DNA mRNA

36. RNA and Protein Synthesis 35. What space does protein go in? E DNA Protein mRNA

37. RNA and Protein Synthesis 36. What space does translation go in? I DNA Protein mRNA Translation

38. RNA and Protein Synthesis 37. What space does protein synthesis go in? A Protein Synthesis DNA Protein mRNA Translation

39. RNA and Protein Synthesis 38. What space does transcription go in? C Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription Protein mRNA Translation

40. RNA and Protein Synthesis 39. What space does tRNA go in? J Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription Protein mRNA Translation tRNA

41. RNA and Protein Synthesis 41. What space does codon go in? K Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription Protein mRNA Translation tRNA codon

42. RNA and Protein Synthesis 41. What space does amino acids go in? H Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription Protein mRNA Amino acids Translation tRNA codon

43. RNA and Protein Synthesis 42. What goes in space F? Anticodon Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription Protein anticodon mRNA Amino acids Translation tRNA codon

44. RNA and Protein Synthesis 43. What goes in space D? RNA Polymerase Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription RNA Polymerase Protein anticodon mRNA Amino acids Translation tRNA codon

45. RNA and Protein Synthesis 44. What goes in space L? Ribosome Protein Synthesis DNA Transcription RNA Polymerase Protein anticodon mRNA Amino acids Translation tRNA codon Ribosome