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What do you mean I'm cheating?

What do you mean I'm cheating?. Janet Carter J.E.Carter@kent.ac.uk www.cs.kent.ac.uk/~jec. Introduction. Student behaviour Behavioural models What happens in the classroom What is plagiarism? What we say What students say Sources of information for students Institutional External.

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What do you mean I'm cheating?

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  1. What do you mean I'm cheating? Janet Carter J.E.Carter@kent.ac.uk www.cs.kent.ac.uk/~jec

  2. Introduction • Student behaviour • Behavioural models • What happens in the classroom • What is plagiarism? • What we say • What students say • Sources of information for students • Institutional • External

  3. Student behaviour…

  4. Loners Co-operators Collaborators Student behavioural models

  5. Collaborators

  6. Co-operators

  7. I can’t do this – I need rentacoder Co-operators… Loners – most likely to buy solutions Collaborators – carry on as always That was then … this is now Why doesn’t it work? Type this instead

  8. There is no plagiarism in my classroom (according to my students)

  9. So what is this?

  10. A Two students sitting in my class… This doesn’t work. Can you help me? B A

  11. A B A Two students sitting in my class… What do I do? I get it! B Cross out this bit and this bit, then write…

  12. B public void debit(double amount){ if(amount > 0){ if(balance-amount >= -overdraftlimit){ setBalance(balance-amount); … Private final double overdraftLimit = 200; Should be uppercase Then sitting in a programming class … This doesn’t work. Can you help me? A B

  13. B public void debit(double amount){ if(amount > 0){ if(balance-amount >= -overdraftlimit){ setBalance(balance-amount); … Private final double overdraftLimit = 200; 200 if(amount > 0){ if(balance-amount >= -200){ balance -= amount; A Then sitting in a programming class … OK. That makes it work! A B Your overdraft limit should be 200

  14. This isn’t plagiarism because … • I did it myself first • I understand it now • I didn’t copy – he just told me which bits to change • It isn’t all of it that he helped me with • We always help each other with different things, so it balances out

  15. What is plagiarism…

  16. We say … What is plagiarism? • Copying the work of another and presenting it as your own • Working jointly on a piece of work and then submitting it as if it is all your own work • Copying work from outside sources (books, internet) without attribution • Buying solutions to pass off as your own

  17. We say … When do we say it? • Week 1 “studying CS talk” • Week 7 “study skills” session • On every assessment coversheet • In the student handbook • On the departmental web site • After the first cases are found

  18. They say … 2000 • Completely copying code from another source without any understanding of the code. If you see code somewhere and you understand it you can modify it to suit your problem – this is the same as using a dictionary for example • Complete copying of another person’s work without giving any input to the assessment 2006 • Copying something without understanding it. If you understand it you can do it next time if the question is asked again • Completely copying another person’s work without your own input to the assessment

  19. Sources of information for students…

  20. The OWL at Purdue • “There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts.” • “Most students, of course, don't intend to plagiarize.” • Discusses the difference between paraphrasing sources and adapting/extending ideas

  21. The OWL at Purdue Cheating is bad, but we’re not doing it. If you don’t know you’re doing it then how do you know how to not do it? How do you adapt a method in Java? Change all the names? • “There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts.” • “Most students, of course, don't intend to plagiarize.” • Discusses the difference between paraphrasing sources and adapting/extending ideas

  22. Council of Writing Program Administrators • “In instructional settings, plagiarism is a multifaceted and ethically complex problem.” • “Plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source.” • Discusses difference between deliberate plagiarism and accidental misuse of sources

  23. Council of Writing Program Administrators What, so it’s cheating if you know what you’re doing and not if you don’t? Again, if you don’t know you’re doing it then how do you know how to not do it? I like it that they talk about intentions not just punishment. • “In instructional settings, plagiarism is a multifaceted and ethically complex problem.” • “Plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source.” • Discusses difference between deliberate plagiarism and accidental misuse of sources

  24. Georgetown University • “Three simple conventions are presented for when you must provide a reference: • If you use someone else's ideas, you should cite the source. • If the way in which you are using the source is unclear, make it clear. • If you received specific help from someone in writing the paper, acknowledge it.” • Discusses acceptable forms of behaviour when helping friends (in relation to point 3, above)

  25. Georgetown University Am I supposed to say “this semi-colon added by Fred” every time I get him to help fix my bugs? So I can help someone, or get help. But what’s wrong with giving them my code to help them find their own mistake? This is about essays not Java. • “Three simple conventions are presented for when you must provide a reference: • If you use someone else's ideas, you should cite the source. • If the way in which you are using the source is unclear, make it clear. • If you received specific help from someone in writing the paper, acknowledge it.” • Discusses acceptable forms of behaviour when helping friends (in relation to point 3, above)

  26. Turnitin Research Resources • “Terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense […] plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.” • “It doesn't matter if you intend to plagiarize or not! […] any form of plagiarism is an offense that demands punitive action. Ignorance is never an excuse.” • “Plagiarism is almost always a symptom of other educational problems.”

  27. Turnitin Research Resources Now it’s cheating if you know you’re doing it and if you don’t? Do it by accident you get done for fraud. Do you get done for lying if you say it was a mistake? Of course it’s a symptom of something! You can’t do it, else you wouldn’t go for help! • “Terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense […] plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.” • “It doesn't matter if you intend to plagiarize or not! […] any form of plagiarism is an offense that demands punitive action. Ignorance is never an excuse.” • “Plagiarism is almost always a symptom of other educational problems.”

  28. Indiana University • “In college courses, we are continually engaged with other people’s ideas: we read them in texts, hear them in lecture, discuss them in class, and incorporate them into our own writing. As a result, it is very important that we give credit where it is due. Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.”

  29. Indiana University It is just more of the same. We get ideas from everyone, including the lecturers, and we have to say where we get every little idea from? None of these places tell you how it relates to programming. • “In college courses, we are continually engaged with other people’s ideas: we read them in texts, hear them in lecture, discuss them in class, and incorporate them into our own writing. As a result, it is very important that we give credit where it is due. Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.”

  30. UKC CS web pages • Internal  teaching resources  being a student in the department  assessment  plagiarism & collaboration • Plagiarism and CollaborationFAQ • What is the reason for this FAQ? • So what exactly is plagiarism? • What is the UKC position on plagiarism? • When is it OK to collaborate on a written assignment? • When is it OK to collaborate on a programming project? • So when should I credit somebody else's work? • What if somebody asks me to help them with their work? • How do I protect myself from others misusing my work? • What if I suspect another student of misusing my work?

  31. UKC CS web pages • Preliminary analysis of the problem • Developing the Algorithm • Coding the algorithm • Developing a test strategy • Compiler errors • Execution Errors • Documentation

  32. UKC CS web pages How were we meant to find that? You have to know it must be there. Why is it buried so deep if it’s so important? Kind of makes sense when you read it, but I can talk now and I can’t talk now and … • Preliminary analysis of the problem • Developing the Algorithm • Coding the algorithm • Developing a test strategy • Compiler errors • Execution Errors • Documentation

  33. Plagiarism is … … something we all do every day without thinking about it. … not always as bad as they say. I still think that understanding it is more important than being able to do it yourself the first time. … not what we do. We don’t steal work, but others might I suppose.

  34. “Do not assume that students know what plagiarism is, even if they nod their heads when you ask them.” Robert Harris

  35. References • http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/ • http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9 • http://gervaseprograms.georgetown.edu/hc/plagiarism.html • http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml • http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk.chain.kent.ac.uk/teaching/student/assessment/plagiarism.local • http://www.turnitin.com/research_site/e_home.html • Harris R, Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers, 2004, http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm • Carter J, Collaboration or Plagiarism: What happens when students work together?, Proceedings of ITiCSE’99, Krakow, 1999 • Carter J, What the students said about plagiarism, Proceedings of ITiCSE’00, Helsinki, 2000 • Carter J, Diary of a programming assessment, Proceedings of 2nd LTSN-ICS 1-day conference on teaching of programming, Wolverhampton, 2002 Many thanks to the students who participated

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