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Early Colonies

Early Colonies. EQ: What factors influenced the start and development of the early colonies?. Native American Life at the Time of Contact with Europeans. There were over 30 different tribes in North Carolina at the time Europeans came

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Early Colonies

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  1. Early Colonies EQ: What factors influenced the start and development of the early colonies?

  2. Native American Life at the Time of Contact with Europeans • There were over 30 different tribes in North Carolina at the time Europeans came • They varied in size from tribes of only a few villages to tribes of thousands

  3. The Algonquin Culture • Lived along coastal North Carolina • Tribes were held together by a common language • Largest tribes = Pasquotank and Waccamaw

  4. Algonquin Culture • Location allowed for abundant fishing • Ate fruits, melons, walnuts, cucumbers, peas, and roots

  5. Tuscarora • Dominated the coastal plain region • The group had about 15 villages with 300 to 500 people in each village • Related to the Iroquois Nation of New York

  6. Catawba • Lived along the Catawba river in a group of towns • They were distinguished by their burnt black pottery

  7. The Cherokee • The Cherokee controlled 40,000 sq. mi. of territory – including parts of Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama • One of the largest tribes in the US (approx. 30,000 members)

  8. Tribal Organization • Communities were led by Chiefs • Chiefs controlled several towns (chiefdom) • Tribal Councils – advised the chief • Chiefs served as political, spiritual and military leaders, also distributed food

  9. Belief System • No one unified Native American spiritual belief system • Great respect for nature • Common legends and folklore to explain natural events

  10. Sir Walter Raleigh & the Roanoke Colony • English aristocrat and explorer • Funded his own voyages • Supported by Queen Elizabeth I • 1584 - Landed at Roanoke Island • Made connections with local Native Americans • Decided to bring settlers back

  11. Jamestown and Roanoke colonies

  12. Roanoke Voyages

  13. Roanoke Colony, cont. • 1585 – 108 soldiers come to Roanoke to establish first colony • 1586 – Colonists and Native Americans at “war,” and colony is abandoned • 1587 – Second settlement attempted • 117 colonists come to Roanoke • Governor John White

  14. Roanoke, cont. • 1590 – White returns to Roanoke, but finds the colony has disappeared • 1587 – John White returns to England to get supplies

  15. 1st Permanent English Colony • After the Roanoke Colony failure, the English established their permanent colony at Jamestown in VA • Colony became wealthy due to the sale of tobacco

  16. Jamestown

  17. The “Jamestown” Colony • 1606 • Virginia • House of Burgesses – 1st Representative Democracy in New World • 1st Permanent English Colony

  18. Jamestown Timelinehttp://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html 1. 1606 King James I issues a charter to the Virginia Company for land on the mid-Atlantic Coast • 2. 1607 • May 13: 104 male settlers arrive at Jamestown, the first permanent England settlement in the New World • May 26: Indian attacks • December 10: Capt. John Smith is captured • December 29: John Smith is saved by Pocahontas before Powhatan

  19. Jamestown Timelinehttp://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html • 4. 1609 • 500 more settlers come to Virginia • Relations with Native Americans grow tense 5. 1610 September-May: The “Starving Time” reduces population to 60 (from 500-600) 3.1608 Settlers at Jamestown die in great numbers (38 of 104 remain)

  20. Jamestown Timelinehttp://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html 8. 1618-1623 The “Great Migration” increases Jamestown’s population from 400 to 4,500 6.1612 John Rolfe tries a crop of tobacco to help save the Jamestown settlement 7. 1614 John Rolfe marries Pocahontas

  21. Jamestown Timelinehttp://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html 9. 1619 VA House of Burgesses meets for the first time

  22. Consequences of Jamestown’s Success

  23. While VA grows (NC history to be continued)… • A new colony to the north will start as well… Plymouth! But why?

  24. Religion in the Colonies What is religion? Why does religion exist? Where have we seen religion in the colonies so far?

  25. The Anglican Church • “Church of England” • Split from Catholic Church as part of the Protestant Reformation • Henry VIII - Divorce

  26. Church of England Hierarchy

  27. Puritans & Pilgrims Desired reforms in the Church of England Settled in Massachusetts Bay Pilgrims desired a split from the Church of England Very devout

  28. Quakers • Society of Friends • George Fox – founder • Established numerous congregations • 1672 – Fox made a pilgrimage to “the north of Carolina” • Shocked by violence of Puritans and Pilgrims • Salem Witch Trials • Dominated early Carolina

  29. Moravians • Originated in Czech Republic • Started as an objection to the Catholic Church • Pacifists – Came to escape war and religious repression • Settled in Winston-Salem • Named the land Wachovia

  30. Moravians – Bethabara, Bethania & Old Salem

  31. Catholics in English Colonies • Fled England due to discrimination of Anglicans • Settle in Maryland • Catholics will be the most hated religious group in the 13 colonies until well after the American Revolution. (tell GA story, Mr. Arzillo)

  32. Religious Freedom • Roger Williams • Broke away from Plymouth (for his “dangerous “ ideas, forms Rhode Island Colony • Desired “separation of church and state” • May have been 1st abolitionist in English colonies… forbade any type of slavery and was friendly to natives.

  33. Plymouth Colony • Puritans • 1620 • Massachusetts • Mayflower Compact – direct democracy, social contract

  34. Mayflower Compact, 1620 • In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620

  35. Salem Witch Trials

  36. What is a colony? • Land • Usually has a desired resource • Ruled by a country in another location

  37. Mercantilism and the Triangle Trade

  38. What was the purpose of mercantilism? • System used by nations to ensure wealth • Examples: • Triangle Trade • Navigation Acts • Stamp Act • Townshend Acts (Lead, Glass, Tea, Paint) • Tea Act • Molasses Act • Sugar Act

  39. Mercantilism • Mercantilism is economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state. • Seeks to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports. • Dominated Western European economic thought and policies from the sixteenth to the late eighteenth centuries. • The goal of these policies was, supposedly, to achieve a “favorable” balance of trade that would bring gold and silver into the country and also to maintain domestic employment. • the mercantile system served the interests of merchants and producers such as the British East India Company, whose activities were protected or encouraged by the state. http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html

  40. Organization of Colonial Governments • 1. Joint Stock Company – self governing colony – operated under shared ownership (like a company) • Jamestown (invest capital, enjoy returns) • 2. Proprietary Colony – owned by wealthy landlords (PA, MD, DE) and nobles, recognized by king • 3. Royal Colony – royal governor appointed by king with elected representative assembly • NY, NC

  41. Why did people risk leaving their homeland to come to North America? • Economic Opportunity • Cash Crops (sugar, indigo, tobacco, cotton) • Indentured Servants (poor English peasants) • Forced • African Slaves • Plantation System (large farm system) • Middle Passage (slave route to Americas) • Religious Freedom

  42. Charter • Document granted from English king, granting sovereignty Questions: • What is sovereignty? • What powers are gained through a charter? • Why were charters necessary?

  43. King Charles I • Colonies of Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts created under his rule • 1628 -- Granted charters to colonize lands south of Virginia, named for himself – Carolina • The Carolina charter, known as the “Heath Patent” granted to Sir Robert Heath

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