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Cell dIVISION

Cell dIVISION. Mitosis and Meiosis Asexual v. Sexual Reproduction. Cell Division. “process where 1 cell splits into 2” Replaces somatic (body) cells in multicellular organisms Allows for multicelullar growth Allows for asexual reproduction in plants.

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Cell dIVISION

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  1. Cell dIVISION Mitosis and Meiosis Asexual v. Sexual Reproduction

  2. Cell Division • “process where 1 cell splits into 2” • Replaces somatic (body) cells in multicellular organisms • Allows for multicelullar growth • Allows for asexual reproduction in plants

  3. Chromosome –rod shaped structure made up DNA and protein a. held together by centromere - holds chromatids together until they separate during division b. only found during cell division

  4. Chromosome Number • Human/animal chromosomes – sex chromosomes and autosomes • Humans have 46 chromosomesin somatic cells • Karyotype– used to examine an individual’s chromosomes

  5. Haploid/Diploid Problems • Haploid  Diploid = sex cell  body cell ( x by 2) • Diploid  Haploid = body cell  sex cell ( ÷ by 2) • Diploid  Diploid = body cell  body cell Haploid  Haploid = sex cell  sex cell

  6. Practice Problems • Dogs have 42 chromosomes in their diploid cells. How many are in their haploid cells? • If there are 23 chromosomes in a sperm cell, how many would be in the skin cell? • If there are 46 chromosomes in a nerve cell, how many would be in a blood cell? • If there are 23 chromosomes in a sperm cell, how many would be in a human ovum (egg)

  7. Cell Division in Prokaryotes • Binary Fision – two identical cells are produced from one cell * division in bacteria

  8. Cell Division in Eukaryotes

  9. Cell Cycle • “series of events leading to cell division”

  10. Mitosis • Asexual Reproduction • Diploid cells split into 2 identical diploid cells • Allows body cells to be replaced and cells to GROW

  11. Phases of Mitosis 1. Prophase

  12. 2. Metaphase

  13. 3. Anaphase

  14. 4. Telophase

  15. Cytokinesis

  16. Meiosis • “sexual reproduction” • Fusing of 2 haploid gametes to form 1 diploid zygote

  17. Stages • 2 divisions a. Meiosis I

  18. b. Meiosis II

  19. Sources of Genetic Variation • Crossing – over • Fertilization • Independent Assortment

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