關係代名詞 ( relative Pronouns )

1. 關係代名詞(relative Pronouns ) 兼有代名詞與連接詞的作用的代名詞叫做關係代名詞

2. 關係代名詞型態如下：

3. 文法要點 • 1.關係代名詞兼有代名詞與連接詞的作用。 • EX：I know the man. + He came yesterday. • = I know the man who came yesterday. • (我認識昨天來的那個人。) • 2.先行詞： • （1）關係代名詞所代表的名詞或代名詞叫做先行詞。 • （2）先行詞的位置通常在關係代名詞前面緊靠著關係代名詞。 • EX：She is the girl who wrote the letter.

4. 3.句中該用何種關係代名詞視其先行詞而定。（1）先行詞若為「人」，則用who, whose, whom, that等。（2）先行詞若為「物」或「人以外之動物」，則用which, that等。4. 關係代名詞所引導的子句叫做關係子句。（1）除what所引導的關係子具有名詞子句的性質之外，關係子句均有形容詞子句的性質，而用以修飾先行詞。（2）關係子句的位置通常在句中或句尾。

5. EX：This is the boywho wants to see you.(形容詞子句)The girlwhom you saw yesterday is his sister. （形容詞子句）I’ll show you what I bought. (名詞子句)

6. 5.關係代名詞的格： • （1）關係代名詞若為關係子句的主詞即用主格。 • EX：This is the teacher. + He teaches us English. = This is the teacher who (that) teach us English. (主格) • The bird is over there. + It is worth NT30. • =The bird which (that) is worth NT30 is over there.

7. （2）關係代名詞若為關係子句內的動詞或介系詞的受詞即用受格。（2）關係代名詞若為關係子句內的動詞或介系詞的受詞即用受格。 • EX: John is the student. + He teaches him.(受格) • = John is the student whom (that) he teaches. • The books are nice. + I bought them yesterday. • =The books which (that) I bought yesterday are nice.

8. (3)關係代名詞的所有格：關係代名詞為關係子句的所有格。(3)關係代名詞的所有格：關係代名詞為關係子句的所有格。 • EX： • I have a friend. + His sister is a teacher.(所有格) • ＝I have a friend whose sister is a teacher. • The book is mine. + Its cover is green. • =The book whose cover is green is mine.

9. 6.That的用法 • (1)可以用以代替who, whom, which. • (2)所有格的替換不能用That. • (3)先行詞有最高級形容詞時，必須用That. • (4)序數（the first, the last…）、the only、any、all、no等字之後要接that. • (5)前有兩種先行詞（人＋動物、事物）時，宜用That. • EX: Look at the boy and his dog that are crossing the bridge.

10. (6)前有疑問詞who或which時，宜用that避免重複。EX：Who is the man that reading a book over there?(7) That之前不能有介系詞。EX: This is the house in which he lives.= This is the house that he lives in.= This is the house where he lives.(8)若That之前有「逗點」時，亦不可使用。

11. 7.關係代名詞前面若沒有「逗點」，則此關係子句是限定前面的「先行詞」，為「限定用法」。若有「逗點」為「補述用法」， 「逗點」不可省略，用以補充說明其先行詞的意思。EX: He has two sons, who work in the same place.他（只）有兩個兒子在同一個地方工作。He has two sons who work in the same place.他有兩個兒子在同一個地方工作。（可能還有幾個兒子在其他的地方工作→限定用法）

12. 8.複合關係代名詞 ：關係代名詞“who, which, what”字尾加“ever”, 即成為複合關係代名詞，但無先行詞。

13. whoever (=anyone who)「主格」，不論誰Ex: 《老師把筆發給任何需要的它的人。》The teacher gives a pen to whoeverneedsit.直接受詞主詞 動詞 受詞whomever (=anyone whom)「受格」，不論誰EX: 《把那個給任何要它的人。》Give it to whomever you like .受詞

14. whatever (=anything that) 「主格、受格、所有格」, 不論什麼…Ex: 《你可拿你喜歡的任何東西。》You   may  take   whatever  youlike.受詞 主詞 動詞whichever (=any…that，either that)「主格、受格、所有格」,不論哪一個…Ex: 《隨便拿一個你所喜歡的。》Take whichever you like.受格

15. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成