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Malaysia

JOINING. Malaysia. Malaysia. JOINING. Challenges facing the new government newly-elected government inherited many problems from the British 3 most pressing problems : Unemployment, poor housing and education. Malaysia. JOINING. Thinking of Merger

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Malaysia

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  1. JOINING Malaysia

  2. Malaysia JOINING Challenges facing the new government • newly-elected government inherited many problems from the British • 3 most pressing problems : • Unemployment, • poor housing and • education

  3. Malaysia JOINING Thinking of Merger (1) For more trade and more jobs • S’pore govt felt that the best way to resolve the unemployment problem was to merge with Malaya • Not all goods produced in Singapore could be sold in the local market • a bigger market was needed • Malaya could be that market SINGAPORE’S REASONS

  4. What can you tell about the problems facing the new government in 1959?

  5. Malaysia JOINING Problem was the Malayan import and export tariffs Creation of a COMMON MARKET Within this area, goods could be bought and sold freely without being taxed The resulting increase in trade would create more jobs for the people

  6. Malaysia JOINING (2) For Independence Singapore hoped that through the merger, she would become completely free from British control British were not willing to grant independence. Why? Mainly because of the communist problem Britain would be more comfortable to grant independence to Singapore after merger with anti-communist Malaya

  7. Malaya’s initial reluctance • Why? • Upset in racial balance • Pro-communist elements inSingapore (Details on pg. 180)

  8. Malaysia JOINING MALAYA’S REASONS Main reason was for SECURITY the Malayan PM was worried about the communists growing more powerful in Singapore Might grow too strong for the PAP government to deal with Why was this a matter of concern for Malaya? Worries of a communist government at their doorstep communists could use Singapore as a base to spread communism throughout Malaya

  9. Malaysia JOINING How did they propose to deal with the issue of possible Chinese dominance? Tunku’s plan to prevent this from happening was to allow Singapore to join Malaya This merger was often referred to as a marriage of convenience.

  10. Malaysia JOINING PROPOSAL FOR THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA 27 May 1961 : Tunku visited Singapore Suggested creating a new federation (later called Malaysia) To include Sabah and Sarawak (British colonies) Britain did not object. Why? Britain wanted to grant independence to these colonies but were worried about their survival Believed that stability of these states would be secured if they joined Malaysia

  11. Malaysia JOINING PROPOSAL FOR THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA

  12. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN SINGAPORE LKY and most of the PAP leaders welcomed the proposal However, the pro-communists members of the PAP were against the idea of merger. Why? With merger, the anti-communist government would probably arrest them

  13. Malaysia JOINING CHALLENGE FOR THE PAP LEADERSHIP The pro-communists led by Lim Chin Siong attempted to capture the leadership of the PAP so that they could reject merger Internal struggle for power within the PAP The communists won over the support of some PAP Legislative Assemblymen But this did not help them to overthrow the leadership of LKY

  14. Malaysia JOINING CHALLENGE FOR THE PAP LEADERSHIP They failed and the 13 Assemblymen were expelled from the PAP Formed a party called Barisan Sosialis (Socialist Front) in Aug 1961 Chairman : Lee Siew Choh; Sec-Gen : Lim Chin Siong

  15. Malaysia JOINING CHALLENGE FOR THE PAP LEADERSHIP Meanwhile, LKY and the Tunku held talks on Singapore’s entry into Malaysia What were some of the terms of agreement of merger? What can you infer about the merger from the photograph?

  16. Malaysia JOINING THE PEOPLE’S DECISION Why do you think the people went along with the PAP’s option? Barisan Sosialis was against merger Which term upset them? Started a campaign to persuade the people not to support the government’s plan The government conducted a referendum on 1 Sep 1962 to find out the people’s choice

  17. Malaysia JOINING THE PEOPLE’S DECISION Result : 71% supported the PAP government’s plan It was a victory for the PAP government over the pro-communists Also showed that the majority of the people supported the PAP government

  18. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN SABAH & SARAWAK Cobbold Commission : Set up by Malayan and British Government Task to find out whether the people of Sabah and Sarawak were interested in joining Malaysia Result Aug 1962 : Only 1/3 of the people in both colonies were not in favour of joining Malaysia

  19. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN BRUNEI Tunku’s government began talks with the Sultan about Brunei joining Malaysia Both sides were unable to come to an agreement on the terms of Brunei’s entry Brunei thus did not join Malaysia

  20. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN INDONESIA When Tunku’s proposal surfaced in 1961, there was no objection from President Sukarno He changed his mind in 1963 and said he opposed the idea of Malaysia 20 Jan 1963 : Policy of Confrontation against the formation of Malaysia Until Sep 1963, it took the form of harsh words

  21. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN INDONESIA LKY with President Sukarno in 1960

  22. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN INDONESIA Why did Sukarno oppose the formation of Malaysia? 1. Sabah & Sarawak should come under the control of Indonesia instead of Malaysia 2. He was also influenced by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) which was against the anti-communist government in Malaya 3. The Confrontation policy diverted the people’s attention from the problems they were facing as a result of Indonesia’s economic policies

  23. Malaysia JOINING REACTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES The Philippines objected as it claimed that Sabah rightfully belonged to them But it did not have enough evidence to prove its case

  24. Malaysia JOINING THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA General agreement between Tunku and LKY for Singapore’s entry into Malaysia However, there were still some differences to be sorted out What were these differences?

  25. Malaysia JOINING THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA What were the main areas of disagreement?

  26. Malaysia JOINING THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA Both sides were unable to resolve the differences A final round of talks was arranged in London for both sides to reach an agreement The Malayan negotiators were told to break off the talks if a solution was not found Singapore would then be left out of Malaysia if the talks failed The two sides finally reached a general agreement

  27. Malaysia JOINING THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA What sort of compromise was reached?

  28. Malaysia JOINING SIGNING OF THE MALAYSIA AGREEMENT With the differences between Singapore & Malaya settled, delegates from Sabah and Sarawak arrived to sign the Malaysia Agreement According to the Agreement, Malaysia would be formed on 31 Aug 1963 However, this caused stronger opposition from Indonesia and the Philippines

  29. Malaysia JOINING SIGNING OF THE MALAYSIA AGREEMENT Tunku agreed to a peaceful solution : A UN mission (the Cobbold Commission) would be sent to Sabah and Sarawak to find out whether their people are in favour of joining Malaysia Both Indonesia and the Philippines were happy with this proposal. Why?

  30. Malaysia JOINING SIGNING OF THE MALAYSIA AGREEMENT They believed that the people would reject the proposal On 14 Sep 1963, the UN team reported that the majority of the people were in favour What were the reactions in the Philippines and Indonesia?

  31. Malaysia JOINING SIGNING OF THE MALAYSIA AGREEMENT Both Indonesia and the Philippines were most unhappy Broke off relations with Malaysia Confrontation became more serious Indonesians launched armed raids into Sabah and Sarawak Their agents also disrupted life in Singapore by setting off bombs in public places

  32. Malaysia JOINING MALAYSIA DAY 16 Sep 1963 : New nation of Malaysia came into existence Made up of 14 states 11 from Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore

  33. Adopted from presentation from MOE

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