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Medical Image Analysis

Medical Image Analysis. Introduction. Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003. Modalities. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

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Medical Image Analysis

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  1. Medical Image Analysis Introduction Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  2. Modalities • X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) • Ultrasound Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  3. An X-ray mammogram Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  4. An X-ray CT Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  5. A PET Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  6. An MRI Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  7. Figure 1.1. A collaborative multidisciplinary paradigm of medical imaging research and applications. Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  8. Medical image modalities • Energy • Anatomical, physiological, or functional • External, internal, or combination Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  9. Radio Waves Infrared Rays Visible Light TV Waves Radar Waves Gamma Rays Ultraviolet Rays Cosmic Rays Microwaves X-rays 10-10 10-7 10-9 10-11 10-12 10-14 103 102 101 1 10-6 10-8 10-13 10-1 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-2 Wavelength in meters 1018 1015 1017 1019 1020 1014 1016 1021 1022 1011 1012 1013 105 106 107 109 1010 108 Frequency in Hz 104 105 106 107 103 10-8 1 101 102 10-10 10-9 10-7 10-6 10-1 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-5 Energy in eV X-ray Imaging MRI Gamma-ray Imaging Figure 1.2: Different sources of imaging modality in the electromagnetic spectrum. Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  10. Medical Imaging Modalities Source of Energy Used for Imaging Combination: External and Internal External Internal Magnetic Resonance Nuclear Medicine: X-Ray Radiographs Imaging: MRI, PMRI, Single Photon FMRI Emission Tomography (SPECT) X-Ray Mammography Optical Fluorescence Imaging Nuclear Medicine: Positron Emission X-Ray Computed Tomography Tomography (PET) Electrical Impedance Imaging Ultrasound Imaging and Tomography Optical Transmission and Transillumination Imaging Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  11. From Physiology to Information Processing • Understanding image medium • Tissue density, blood flow, perfusion, cardiac motion • Physics of imaging • Transmission of X-rays, emission of gamma rays, MR imaging • Imaging instrumentation • Collecting the data, signal-to-noise ratio, resolution Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  12. Data acquisition methods for image formation • Active filtering, post-processing methods • Back-projection, iterative and Fourier transform methods • Imaging processing and analysis • Enhancement, transformations, features of interest Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  13. General Performance Measures • Positive: Object was observed • Negative: Object was not observed • True Positive • False Negative • True Negative • False Positive Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  14. True Condition Object is NOT present. Object is present. False Positive True Positive Object is observed. Observed Information True Negative False Negative Object is NOT observed. Figure 1.4. A conditional matrix for defining four basic performance measures as defined in the text. Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  15. TNF TPF a b c Figure 1.5: ROC curves with curve “a” indicating better overall classification ability than the curve “b” while the curve “c” shows the random probability. Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  16. Sensitivity • Specificity • Accuracy Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  17. An example of feature-adaptive contrast enhancement processing as applied to a mammogram to enhance microcalcification areas • Histogram equalization Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

  18. Figure 1.6. (a) A part of the digitized breast film-mammogram with microcalcification areas. (b): Enhanced image through feature adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm. (c): Enhanced image through histogram equalization method. Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis, by Atam P. Dhawan, IEEE Press, 2003.

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