Sustainable Design & Construction at Yale University July 2009

2. Sustainable Design & Construction at Yale UniversityJuly 2009

3. Accepted Measures of Sustainabity • LEED Rating • Certified • Silver • Gold • Platinum • Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions • Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (MTCDE) • Carbon Neutral = Zero CO2 emissions • Measure Energy Use as proxy for CO2 • ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Modeling

4. LEED • Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design • Sustainable building rating system • Administered by the US Green Building Council • Provides Standard for measuring sustainability results • Rates performance in 6 categories • Sustainable Sites • Water Efficiency • Energy and Atmosphere • Materials and Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Innovation and Design process

5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction • October 2005, Yale committed to reducing greenhouse gas emission to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020 • 43% reduction in emissions, while at the same time increasing the campus square footage by 15%

6. Status of Sustainability in New Construction May 2009 • LEED Rated Buildings: • Malone Engineering Center, Gold, met ASHRAE 90.1 • Class of 1954 Chemistry Research Building, Silver, 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Sculpture Building, Platinum, 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 • In Progress: • Kroon Hall/Svc. Node, seeking Platinum, 50% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Social Science Academic, seeking Silver, 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Art and Architecture, Seeking Certified, 20% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Stoeckel Hall, seeking Silver, 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Health Services Center, seeking Silver, 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Greenberg Conference Center, targeting Gold, 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 • Other • SPP Cogeneration, no LEED target, will reduce emissions by 27,000 MTCO2E/yr

7. Analysis • Energy savings • Carbon emissions reduction • Yearly cost savings • Life cycle cost • Benchmarking

8. Energy Savings

9. CO2 Emissions Reduction

10. Cost Savings

11. Benchmarking

12. 30% Below ASHRAE 45% Below ASHRAE 5 Yale’s Projects vs. ASHRAE 90.1 LEED Rating Gold Silver Gold/ Platinum Platinum Silver/ Gold Silver

13. LEED 2009 • Harmonization • Prerequisites and credits the same across all rating systems • 110 possible points • Weighting of Credits better reflect impact on GHG Emissions • Regionalization • Extra points for achieving specific credits

14. LEED VERSION CHANGE IN PROGRESS 6-month transition period

15. Sustainable Building Design & Construction Committee • Developing standards for all building projects, not just new construction • Integrated Design • Uniform approach • Look beyond Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Water Conservation • Resource Management • Storm Water Management • Air Quality • Land Management • Addressing LEED revision frequency • Provides for project specific guidance to Planners and PMs • Planning for Post-Occupancy • Continuous Commissioning • Verification of performance • Record keeping and documentation • Benchmarking

16. Sustainable Building Design and Construction Committee

17. Yale’s Sustainable Strategies • Energy and Carbon Emissions • Insulation, thermal mass, shading • Heat recovery with coils, heat pipes, and enthalpy wheels • Ground source heat pumps • Efficient ventilation systems using displacement ventilation, natural ventilation, and improved control technology • Renewable energy: photovoltaic, wind power, fuel cell • Commissioning

18. Yale’s Sustainable Strategies • Storm water retention and reuse • Grey water systems • Low flow fixtures • Dual flush toilets and waterless urinals • FSC Certified wood • Construction waste recycling • Recycled and recyclable materials • Locally sourced materials

19. Lessons Learned Early • LEED Gold can be achieved without addressing Energy • USGBC plugged this hole in 2007 • Sustainability planning early in the project yields better results • Labs represent a huge opportunity for energy savings

20. Lessons Learned Later • Difficult or impossible to successfully ADD sustainability to an existing design • Unusual concepts can work, but require more effort • GSHP • Displacement Air • Green Roofs • Solar Design (Heat AND Light) • What works in one project can not be universally applied to all projects • The Sustainable Construction job isn’t over when construction ends

21. Lessons Learned Later What is the Cost of Green Architecture ?

22. Lessons Learned Later • Integrated Design • Holistic approach to design • Sustainability is a factor in every design decision • Design is a joint effort between technical specialists • Interactions between building systems and their effect on performance is known and addressed • Requires communication and respect across design disciplines • Requires common design goals