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TH2/7/13; T1/25/12 ; F1/7/11; M1/11/10; W 1/14/09

TH2/7/13; T1/25/12 ; F1/7/11; M1/11/10; W 1/14/09. Roots of the Progressive Movement (Ch. 22.2; pp. 625-630). I. Early Roots. middle-class intellectuals concerned over problems of industrialization wanted to fix urban & work problems reformers, not radicals

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TH2/7/13; T1/25/12 ; F1/7/11; M1/11/10; W 1/14/09

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  1. TH2/7/13; T1/25/12; F1/7/11; M1/11/10; W 1/14/09 Roots of the Progressive Movement (Ch. 22.2; pp. 625-630)

  2. I. Early Roots • middle-class intellectuals • concerned over problems of industrialization • wanted to fix urban & work problems • reformers, not radicals • fix system, not overturn it • local solutions → state → later federal • used rational “scientific” approach of late 19th century to fix problems

  3. II. Intellectual Roots • turn-of-century intellectuals questioned Social Darwinism • solve problems through science • ThorsteinVeblen (The Theory of the Leisure Class – 1899) • William James (Pragmatism – 1907; Democracy & Social Ethics – 1902) • Charles Beard (Economic History of US – 1913) • Herbert Croly (The Promise of American Life – 1909)

  4. III. Problems A. Education • John Dewey – Democracy & Education (1916) • “learning by doing” • progressive education • social action • enrollment in schools skyrockets • 7M to 23M 1870-1920

  5. III. Problems (cont.) B. Muckrakers • reformers, social critics • used new magazines • McClure’s, Colliers, New Republic • Henry Demarest Lloyd – Wealth Against Commonwealth – 1894 (Chi.) • Standard Oil • Frank Norris – The Octopus (1901) • RR’s • David Graham Phillips – Susan Lenox: Her Rise and Fall (1917) • prostitution

  6. III. Problems (cont.) B. Muckrakers (cont.) • Theodore Dreiser – The Financier (1912) • lack of social conscience in business • Jacob Riis – Other Half Lives (1890s) • Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (1904) • political corruption – St. Louis • Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Co. (1904) • corporate excess • David Graham Phillips – Treason of the Senate (1906) • Upton Sinclair – The Jungle –(1906) • meatpacking

  7. III. Problems (cont.) C. Political Corruption • try to stop political corruption in cities • fought political machines (ex: Tammany Hall) • usually m-c and/or wealthy elites • often Republicans • wanted permanent structural change • city-manager system [compare to civil service reform] • focused on new more democratic ideas: • initiative • referendum • recall • direct primary • culminates w/ 17th Amendment (direct election of Senators) - 1913 • reforms later corrupted

  8. III. Problems (cont.) D. Urban Blight • Daniel Burnham – Chi. • built on Frederick Law Olmstead • urban beautification • clean up cities – garbage, street cleaning, tenement reform, public transportation • successful – infant mortality, TB rates decline

  9. III. Problems (cont.) E. Corporate Regulation/Factory Work • Frederick Taylor – scientific approach to business • Gov. Robert La Follette (WI) – “Fighting Bob” • “Wisconsin Idea” • fought for state reforms • more state regulations & laws • all at state level (later federal) • child labor & 10-hour days • impact of Triangle Shirt Waist Fire (1911)

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