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Chapter 10 神经系统的功能 Function of Nervous System

Chapter 10 神经系统的功能 Function of Nervous System. 第一节 神经元与神经胶质细胞的一般功能 Basic Function of Neuron and Neuroglia. 一、神经元( neuron ). ( 一 ) 神经元的一般结构和功能 Structure and function of neuron. 1. 结构( structure ). 2. 神经元的分类 Classification of neuron. number of cytoplasmic process

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Chapter 10 神经系统的功能 Function of Nervous System

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  1. Chapter 10神经系统的功能Function of Nervous System

  2. 第一节 神经元与神经胶质细胞的一般功能Basic Function of Neuron and Neuroglia 一、神经元(neuron)

  3. (一) 神经元的一般结构和功能Structure and function of neuron 1.结构(structure)

  4. 2.神经元的分类Classification of neuron number of cytoplasmic process difference and region sensory neuron (afferent neuron) associated neuron (interneuron) motor neuron (efferent neuron) neurotransmitter

  5. (二) 神经纤维的功能与分类Function and Classification of nerve fibers 1.传导特征characteristics of conduction • 完整性physiological intact • 绝缘性isolated propagation • 双向性bidirectional propagation • 相对不疲劳性relative indefatigability

  6. 影响传导速率(Conductive velocity) 的因素 直径 diameter髓鞘 myelin sheath温度 temperature

  7. 3. 神经纤维的分类 classification of nerve fibers: electrophysiologic characteristics A,B,C fiber diameter and source Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ

  8. (三)神经纤维的轴浆运输axoplasmic transport of nerve fiber 顺 向 轴 浆 运 输 anterograde axoplasmic transport fast slow 逆 向 轴 浆 运 输 reterograde axoplasmic transport 临床联系:狂犬病病毒 、脊髓灰质炎病毒和 破伤风病毒都可逆向运输到胞体。

  9. (四) 神经的营养性作用trophic action of neurotrophin(NT) functional action trophic action nerve growth factor (NGF)

  10. 二、神经胶质细胞 Neuroglia • 支持作用 (Support); • 修复和再生 (Repair and reproduce); • 免疫应答 (Immunity response); • 物质代谢和营养性 (Substance metabolism and trophic action); • 绝缘和屏障作用(Isolation and barrier); • 稳定细胞外K+浓度(Stabilize the concentration of K+); • 参与某些递质和生物活性物质的代谢(Engage in neurotransmitter and biological active substance metabolism). 主要功能

  11. 第 二 节 神经元的信息传递 (Message Transmission of Neuron)

  12. 突触传递(Synapse Transmission) • 化学性突触传递 (chemical synaptic transmission) 结构基础:突触(synapse) • 电突触传递 (electrical synaptic transmission) 结构基础:缝隙连接(gap junction) • 非突触性化学传递 (non-synaptic chenmical transmission ) 结构基础:曲张体(varicosity) 分类

  13. 一、经典的突触传递又称化学性突触传递(chemical synaptic transmission) 1.突出的细微 结构 microstructure of synapse

  14. 2.突触的分类(classification of synapses) • 根据结构(structure)分为: • 轴突-树突式突触 axo-dendritic synapses • 轴突-胞体式突触 axo-somatic synapses • 轴突-轴突式突触 axo-axonal synapses • 根据功能(function)分为: • 兴奋性突触 excitatory synapse • 抑制性突触 inhibitory synapse

  15. Combination: • serial synapse • reciprocal synapse • mixed synapse

  16. 3. 突触传递 的过程 process of synaptic transmission

  17. 4.突触后电位 postsynaptic potential

  18. 突触前轴突末梢的AP electric Ca2+内流 突触小泡中递质释放 递质与突触后膜受体结合 chemical 突触后膜离子通道开放 electric 突触后膜离子通透性变化 突触后电位

  19. Summary • 神经纤维传导兴奋的特征 • 神经胶质细胞的功能 • 突触传递的过程 • 举例说明局部电位的特点

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