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ECE 291 Senior Design Electric Boat Team

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ECE 291 Senior Design Electric Boat Team

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    1. ECE 291 Senior Design Electric Boat Team

    2. Introduction This is a research project in collaboration with Electric Boat

    3. Team Members Amy Henne Jason Holland Ricardo Silva Mark Wojenski

    4. Objective Wireless Power Transmission Wireless Data Transfer System

    5. Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) Researched Several Methods of WPT Optical Box RF Box Waveguide

    6. Optical Box Light source Solar cells on individual sensor modules Highly polished internal surfaces of box

    7. Optical Box: Problems Solar cell efficiency = 18% Light source efficiency = 65% (fluorescent) Combined total efficiency = 11.7% 4 receivers * 2 Watts / 11.7% = 68.37Watts

    8. RF Injection into Square Box RF injected into the middle of the box Each sensor module would convert RF to DC.

    9. RF Box: Problems Reflected energy Uncontrollable dispersion of RF energy VSWR might damage transmitter

    10. Waveguide Control of propagating modes TE10 mode dominant Easy to calculate where power concentrations are greatest

    11. Waveguide: Final Choice for WPT Waveguide System RF Generator WG Dimensions RF to DC Conversion

    12. RF Generator Supplies the energy used for our WPT Operating frequency of the RF generator < frequency of data transmission Chose Operating Frequency of 1000 MHz

    13. RF Generator Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is a ZOS-1025 puts out up to 8.0 dBm (6.3mW) RF amplifier is a LZY-2 (40 dB gain) rated to 20 watts

    14. Waveguide Dimensions Based on Frequency of Transmission Waveguide with parameter a slightly greater than 5.9 inches and parameter b equal to 0.5*a= 2.95 inches can properly transmit our RF data A waveguide of 7.87” x 3.93” x 5’was built by Electric Boat out of aluminum for our prototype

    15. Waveguide Features Use of ARC-UD-11091 RAM material to reduce standing waves within waveguide Separate data reception circuitry compartment

    16. RF to DC Conversion - I A Rectenna, or rectifying antenna is a receiving antenna combined with a rectifying circuit, which converts RF into the desired DC power Must be efficient in the RF to DC Conversion

    17. RF to DC Conversion - II Low pass filter consists of one 10pF capacitor to filter out the ripple 1N5711 Schottky diode High power (250 mW) Reverse voltage breakdown at about 70V

    18. Wireless Data Transmission Wirelessly transfers audio data Data must be modulated and transmitted back to the receiver Explored Several Different Transmission Frequencies 440 MHz Transmission 900 MHz Transmission 2.45 GHz Transmission

    19. 440 MHz Data Transmission First idea was to use circuitry from inside of a toy walkie-talkie to transmit our audio data This was dropped because the operating frequency was around 440 MHz and this did not fit with our design requirement of the WPT Transmission Frequency < Data Transmission Frequency

    20. 900 MHz Data Transmission Many commercially available devices in this frequency range Discarded because RF operating frequency of 1000 MHz is very close to 900 MHz May cause interference between the power and data transmission

    21. 2.45 GHz Data Transmission Commercially available devices including: Home telephones Wireless audio/video transmitters Wireless home PC networking devices Approximately 1.5 GHz higher that WPT Allows better separation of signals

    22. Modulation Schemes for Data Originally decided to design our own modulation circuitry Modulation Schemes considered: AM and FM Spread Spectrum Bluetooth Standard

    23. Frequency and Amplitude Modulation FM and AM are modulation techniques used in commercial radio Simple to implement Lacks any built in resistance to electrical interference Does not ensure there is no interference between Data and Power Signals Shortage of available frequencies if expanded for many sensors

    24. Spread Spectrum Transmitted information is spread out over a range of frequencies improves both transmitter and receiver’s immunity to interference Information is divided into small pieces and each piece is transmitted at a different frequency in the predetermined range around 2.45 GHz Only a spread spectrum receiver that is tuned to sync with the transmitter will be able to receive and decode the transmitted information

    25. Bluetooth Standard Characteristics of Bluetooth compatible devices include: operation in the 2.45 GHz range frequency hopping spread spectrum transmission low power consumption

    26. Bluetooth Standard Factors in not Choosing Bluetooth Three development kits priced at $2500 a piece would be needed to implement our project Scheduled to go on the Market in Summer 2002

    27. 2.4 GHz Cordless Phones Commercially available Inexpensive Didn’t need to design our own modulation and data transmission circuitry Experimented with two phones: Siemens Gigaset 4015 Motorola MA350

    28. Siemens vs. Motorola Originally thought Siemens would be the optimal choice because it consumed less power during operation Average Power Consumption of 180 mW Current spike of up to 600 mA at turn on Motorola was ultimately chosen Average Power Consumption of 265 mW No current spike at turn on

    29. Final Design Waveguide for WPT RF Generator RF to DC Conversion 2.4 GHz Motorola Phones for Wireless Data Transmission Allows multiple signals to be sent simultaneously

    30. Final Design Antenna from the handset of the phone is positioned so that it enters the waveguide Phone’s antenna will transmit to the base stations that are placed in the second compartment of the waveguide

    31. RF Distribution and Data Transmission

    32. Voltage Regulator Circuitry for Phone Box

    33. Circuitry for Phone Box

    34. Adjustable 1-14VDC Power Supply with Vtrip for VCO Power

    35. Adjustable 1-16VDC Power Supply with Vtrip for VCO Frequency

    36. UCONN Budget and Expenses WPT $610.00 Data Transmission $400.00 Miscellaneous $400.00 Current Budget $1410.00 Other parts supplied by EB

    37. Project Phases and Timeline

    38. References 1. Microelectronic / Optoelectronic Devices, Supplementary Notes, Part 1, F.C. Jain, UCONN, Spring 2002. 2. http://acre.murdoch.edu.au/refiles/pv/text.html, website with information on solar cells. 3.http://www.kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/plasma-group/sps/milax-e.html , website with information on RF to DC conversions. 4.http://www.fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th/theory/waveguide/Waveguide%20theory%206.html , website with information on waveguides 5. http://www.cwc.nus.edu/~sg/~cwcpub/zfiles/ap98.pdf , website with information on rectennas.

    39. Acknowledgements Professor Rajeev Bansal, University of Connecticut Mr. Michael Sullivan, Electric Boat Angel Rodriguez

    40. Questions?

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