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Bacteria

Bacteria. WHAT IS A PROKARYOTE?. SINGLE CELLED ORGANISM LACK A NUCLEUS VERY SMALL (1-5 MICROMETERS) MOST EUKARYOTIC CELLS ARE 10-100 MICROMETERS. BACTERIA. WERE CLASSIFIED IN A SINGLE KINGDOM (MONERA) NOW DIVIDED INTO 2 GROUPS EUBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERIA. EUBACTERIA.

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria

  2. WHAT IS A PROKARYOTE? • SINGLE CELLED ORGANISM • LACK A NUCLEUS • VERY SMALL (1-5 MICROMETERS) • MOST EUKARYOTIC CELLS ARE 10-100 MICROMETERS

  3. BACTERIA • WERE CLASSIFIED IN A SINGLE KINGDOM (MONERA) • NOW DIVIDED INTO 2 GROUPS • EUBACTERIA • ARCHAEBACTERIA

  4. EUBACTERIA • LARGEST OF THE 2 GROUPS • GREAT VARIETY • HAS A CELL WALL • LIVE EVERYWHERE

  5. ARCHAEBACTERIA • LIVE IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS • EX. GREAT SALT LAKES; HOT SPRINGS; VOLCANOES; ETC • INCLUDES METHANOGENS: PRODUCE METHANE GAS • DNA IS DIFFERENT FROM EUBACTERIA (REASON FOR BEING SEPERATED INTO DIFFERENT KINGDOMS)

  6. IDENTIFICATION • CAN IDENTIFY BACTERIA BY • CHEMICAL NATURE OF CELL WALL • FORM OF LOCOMOTION • SHAPE • HOW ENERGY IS OBTAINED

  7. SHAPE(PAGE 519) • BACILLI: ROD SHAPED • COCCI: SPHERICAL • SPIRILLA: SPIRAL OR CORKSCREW SHAPED

  8. LOCOMOTION • FLAGELLA: WHIP LIKE TAIL • SNAKE/SPIRAL MOVEMENT • GLIDE ON A SECRETED SLIME LAYER • SOME DO NOT MOVE

  9. CELL WALL • ALL BACTERIA HAS PEPTIDOGLYCAN (MADE OF SUGAR) • GRAM STAINING USED TO DETERMINE TYPE (WITH OR WITHOUT A LIPID LAYER) • GRAM POSITIVE: LARGE AMT OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN, DARK PURPLE • GRAM NEGATIVE: HAVE LIPID LAYER, SMALLER AMT OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN, LIGHT PINK

  10. OBTAINING ENERGY • PHOTOAUTOTROPH: PHOTOSYNTHETIC, SIMILAR TO PLANTS • CHEMOAUTOTROPH: ENERGY FROM INORGANIC CHEMICALS (EX. AMMONIA, SULFUR, IRON,ETC) • HETEROTROPHIC: TAKE IN NUTRIENTS LIKE WE DO • SAPROBES: DECOMPOSE ORGANIC MOLECULES (DEAD ORGANISMS OR ORGANIC WASTE PRODUCTS)

  11. BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION • BINARY FISSION: ASEXUAL, DIVISION OF A CELL INTO 2 GENETICALLY IDENTICAL CELLS • CONJUGATION: SEXUAL, 2 PROKARYOTES ATTACH TO EACH OTHER AND EXCHANGE GENETIC INFORMATION

  12. BACTERIAL DISEASES • PATHOGENS: DISEASE CAUSING AGENTS • ONLY A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF BACTERIA CAUSE DISEASES • 2 WAYS TO CAUSE DISEASE: • DAMAGE TISSUE BY BREAKING IT DOWN • RELEASE TOXINS THAT HARM THE BODY • Many diseases can be prevented by vaccines • Controlled by drugs (penicillin or tetracycline)

  13. COMMON BACTERIAL DISEASES

  14. HUMAN USES OF BACTERIA • Normal Flora: bacteria that lives on or in your body • Foods: cheese, yogurt, milk, pickles, chocolate, • Medicine: streptomycin, bacitracin, tetracyline, vancomyacin • Industry: cleaning oil spills, remove waste from water, mine minerals, chemicals

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