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Trimming of Sails

Trimming of Sails. Round Table on Experience with IGRs and Political Economy Analysis Manzoor Hasan Transparency International Bangladesh Wednesday, 19 June 2002. Introduction. Progress on several fronts…. Infant mortality Child malnutrition Illiteracy Road communication

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Trimming of Sails

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  1. Trimming of Sails Round Table on Experience with IGRs and Political Economy Analysis Manzoor Hasan Transparency International Bangladesh Wednesday, 19 June 2002

  2. Introduction Progress on several fronts…. • Infant mortality • Child malnutrition • Illiteracy • Road communication • Women’s position • Print media….

  3. But…. In many sectors we face serious problems • Shortcoming in financial institutions • Overloaded courts • Gender disparity • Primary school completion rates – too low • Poor public service…. GOVERNANCE FAILURE

  4. Some Facts…. • Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP, 1997) opinion survey • 2197 individuals selected randomly from sixty districts • Findings: 95%, 91% & 90% of respondents felt police, customs & taxation departments, respectively, most corrupt

  5. Some Facts…. Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Centre • 82% considered the police to be the most corrupt government department • Businessmen put the police’s service standard as the lowest among all forty-four organisations

  6. Some Facts TIB Household Survey (1997) • 68% of the households filing complaints with the police had to make payment • 49% of the households had reported to make prior arrangement with the police on payment for disposal of their cases • 71% of the households expressed the view that filing of court cases were deliberately delayed by the police

  7. Some Facts…. • 63% of the households involved in court cases reported that they had to bribe the court officials • 53% of the households bribed the court officials directly and more than one-fourth (28%) reported making payment of bribe through lawyers Source: TIB Nationwide Household Survey,1997

  8. Some Facts…. Urban Service Delivery (2,400 hh in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi) – World Bank (May 2002) • 28% (less than) satisfied with education system • 18% (less than) satisfied with health system • 12% (less than) satisfied with electricity service • 11% (less than) satisfied with quality of drinking water • 17% (less than) satisfied with sanitation service • 20% (less than) satisfied with transport service • 2% (less than) satisfied with police • 8% (less than) satisfied with judicial service • 10% (less than) satisfied with land registration • Good satisfaction with gas supply

  9. Some Facts…. Bureau of Anti-Corruption • Time spent before applying for sanction from PM’s Office: 4 - 9 years • Time spent after application to PM’s Office before sanction is given: 1 year to 6 years

  10. Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: INQUIRY STAGE

  11. Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION STAGE

  12. Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: TRIAL STAGE

  13. Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE • Total convictions 1373 • Total released 1822 • Total convictions against VIPs 1

  14. Diagnostic studies: IGRs/Political Economy Analysis/Surveys • Better understanding of the context – the ‘big picture’ • Identify both failures & future reform agenda – ‘windows of opportunity’ • Identify linkages – coalition building • Prioritize action

  15. WB Projects: Judiciary & Traffic Management • Have they met the governance criteria/agenda? • Improved service delivery? • Triggered off wider reform? • Raised expectations • Wastage (public perception) • Peripheral

  16. Big Issues • Separation of judiciary from executive • Establishment of anti-corruption commission • Right-sizing of administration • Efficient police force

  17. Why Reform isn’t being implemented? • Lack of political will • Maintenance and reinforcement of ‘negatives’ • Inability to ‘trigger’ off a chain reaction • Need to create new relationships/equilibrium

  18. Suggestions • Gleaned from existing studies: • CSOs, NGOs, media, multi/bi-lateral agencies • Focus on macro (‘trigger’) issues, e.g. anti-corruption agency • Present ‘workable’ models (done) • Establish benchmarks/milestones • Find champions • Close ‘exit’ routes for politicians • Reinforce consensus (not conditions) • Increase ‘embarrassment’ factor

  19. Trim our sails? • Yes • But establish realistic agenda/expectation • More ‘cost-effective’ • Focus on the ‘big picture’ • Increased sense of ownership • Could ultimately set off reform of political landscape ?

  20. Reform of political landscape (I) • Why? • Because there is no marketplace for ideas. • Because championing ideas and policy initiatives will not improve a person’s political prospects. • Because the route to political success is patron-clientism.

  21. Reform of political landscape (II) • Democratization of parties • Political/Campaign finance • Declaration of members’ interests

  22. YOUR COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS TO info@ti-bangladesh.org • For more information please visit… http://www.ti-bangladesh.org • THANK YOU

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