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Principles of War and Military Terms: Key Concepts and Definitions for Strategic Operations

This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of war, including mass, objective, offensive, surprise, economy of force, movement, unity of command, security, and simplicity. It also explains essential military terms such as base of operations, frontal attack, envelopment, withdrawal, and direct pursuit. A comprehensive resource for understanding strategic operations and military terminology.

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Principles of War and Military Terms: Key Concepts and Definitions for Strategic Operations

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  1. 0201 PRINCIPLES OF WAR 1. MASS - COMBAT POWER AND ITS CONCENTRATION AT THE DECISIVE POINT AND TIME.2. OBJECTIVE - GENERAL AREAS OR POINTS OF STRATEGIC OR TACTICAL VALUE (INCLUDING THE ENEMY FORCE ITSELF), DESTRUCTION OF WHICH IS THE ULTIMATE END OF MILITARY OPERATIONS.3. OFFENSIVE - USE OF INITIATIVE IN COMBAT TO SET THE TIME, PLACE, STRENGTH, TYPE, AND DIRECTION OF ATTACK.4. SURPRISE - PSYCHOLOGICAL WEAPON APPLIED BY ACTION THAT CANNOT REASONABLY BE EXPECTED. EoW

  2. 0202 PRINCIPLES OF WAR 5. ECONOMY OF FORCE - DISTRIBUTING AVAILABLE FORCES IN THE MOST ADVANTAGEOUS MANNER; COROLLARY OF MASS.6. MOVEMENT - MANEUVERING FORCES IN THE EXECUTION OF A SCHEME OF MANEUVER.7. UNITY OF COMMAND - COOPERATION; TEAMWORK.8. SECURITY - NEVER BEING SURPRISED.9. SIMPLICITY - THE ACID TEST OF THE SOUNDNESS OF ANY PLAN FOR A MILITARY OPERATION AND OF THE ORDERS ISSUED FOR ITS EXECUTION. EoW

  3. 0203 MILITARY TERMS 1. BASE OF OPERATIONS - SEAT OF MILITARY POWER FROM WHICH ACTION IS INITIATED.2. ON THE FIELD - OPERATIONS OR MOVEMENT OF TROOPS AND SUPPLIES ON THE BATTLEFIELD.3. OFF THE FIELD - OPERATIONS OR MOVEMENT OF TROOPS AND SUPPLIES BEFORE ADVANCING TOWARD THE FOE.4. FRONTAL ATTACK - AN ASSAULT DIRECTLY UPON THE ENEMY AND IT IS NOT GENERALLY DESIRABLE. EoW

  4. 0204 MILITARY TERMS 5. SECONDARY ATTACK - AN ATTACK THAT SEEKS TO FIX THE ENEMY IN POSITION, OFTEN TO COVER MANEUVER AT ANOTHER POINT.6. PENETRATION - AN ATTACK DRIVING THROUGH THE ENEMY'S FRONT.7. ENVELOPMENT - STRIKING THE FLANK OR REAR OF AN ENEMY.8. DOUBLE ENVELOPMENT - STRIKING BOTH FLANKS OF THE ENEMY TO SURROUND AND DESTROY HIM. EoW

  5. 0205 MILITARY TERMS 9. TURNING MOVEMENT - A MANEUVER THAT IS BROADER THAN AN ENVELOPMENT AND DOES NOT ANTICIPATE DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY. IT AIMS AT LINES OF COMMUNICATION AND THE VITALS WELL TO THE ENEMY'S REAR AND ENDEAVORS TO RENDER HIS POSITION UNTENABLE, OBLIGING HIM TO RETREAT.10. STRATEGIC ENVELOPMENT - A MOVEMENT THAT IS THE HIGHEST GOAL OF THE STRATEGIC AND IS A VERY BROAD MANEUVER IN SPACE AIMED AT SEALING OFF THE ENTIRE ZONE OF OPERATIONS FROM THE ENEMY'S HOME BASE.11. WITHDRAWAL - A VOLUNTARY ENDEAVOR TO BREAK CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY IN ORDER TO RETAIN FREEDOM OF ACTION. EoW

  6. 0206 MILITARY TERMS 12. RETIREMENT - SEEKING TO AVOID DECISIVE ACTION OR DEFEAT BY MARCHING AWAY UNDER PRESSURE. A RETREAT.13. ROUT - A RETREAT IN WHICH THE COMMANDER LOSES CONTROL AND HIS FORCES DISINTEGRATE.14. DELAYING OR FABIAN ACTION - A FIGHTING RETIREMENT OVER SUCCESSIVE POSITIONS. EoW

  7. 0207 MILITARY TERMS 15. DIRECT PURSUIT - ADVANCE ALONG THE SAME LINES THE OPPONENT HAS CHOSEN TO RETREAT.16. ENCIRCLING PURSUIT - A TYPE OF ENVELOPMENT AIMED AT GETTING BEHIND THE ENEMY AND FORCING HIM TO ACCEPT SURRENDER OR A LAST-DITCH ENGAGEMENT UNDER UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS AFTER HE HAS ALREADY BEEN DEFEATED. EoW

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