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NUTRITION

Learn about the essential nutrients your body needs for proper growth, maintenance, and functioning. Discover how to choose nutritious foods and understand the importance of energy from food. Explore the different types of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and their roles in your overall health. Find out how to prevent nutrient deficiencies and the potential risks of overnutrition.

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NUTRITION

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  1. NUTRITION CHAPTER 7

  2. Nutrition: The Nutrients / Section 1 • Good nutrition promotes growth and helps prevent diseases. • Your food can provide all the nutrients your body needs. • Nutrients - compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth maintenance, and functioning.

  3. Section 1 Continued • Nutrient Deficiencies - too little of one or more nutrients in the diet • Malnutrition - the results in the body of poor nutrition. • Undernutrition - too little food energy or too few nutrients to prevent disease or to promote growth. • Overnutrition - too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing disease.

  4. Section 2: How to Choose Nutritious Foods • The nutrients fall into six classes: • Carbohydrate: made of sugars; includes sugar, starch, and fiber • Fat: does not mix with water; referred to as lipids • Protein: Builds body tissues; made of amino acids • Vitamins: essential nutrients that does not yield energy • Minerals: Elements of the earth needed in your diet • Water: H20

  5. Section 2 Continued • The Food Guide Pyramid suggests: • 6 servings from the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group • 3 servings from the vegetable group • 2 servings from the fruit group • 2 servings from the milk, yogurt, and cheese group • Two servings from the meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts group

  6. FAST FACTS • The average American consumes 130 pounds of fat per year. • The average American consumes about 90 pounds of sugar every year. • Go over Food Pyramid Guide • How Well Do You Eat? Pg. 168

  7. Section 3 / Energy From Food • Energy: the capacity to do work or produce heat • Glucose: the body’s blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate. • Fatty Acids: simple forms of fat that supply fuel for most of the body’s cells • Amino Acids: simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or under some conditions, burned for energy • Toxin: a poison (alcohol)

  8. Section 3 Continued • Hypothalathmus: a brain regulatory center that sends out a hunger signal when blood glucose levels get too low. • Calories: a unit used to measure energy. • Weight x 24 / 2.2

  9. Section 4 / The Carbohydrates • Starch: main carbohydrate; chief energy source • Fiber: not a energy source; provides no calories; • Lack of Fiber can lead to constipation or hemorrhoids.

  10. Section 4 Continued • The 4 sugars most important in human nutrition are: • Glucose (the body’s fuel) • Fructose (the sweet sugar of fruits and honey) • Sucrose (table sugar) • Lactose (milk sugar)

  11. Section 5 - The Fats • Saturated Fats: associated with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from animal sources (meats, butter, cream) • Unsaturated Fats: fats from plant source (nuts, seeds, pb, oils, dressings) • Cholesterol: a type of fat made by the body from saturated fat • Carbohydrates should supply about 60% of calories, with protein filling in about 10%

  12. Section 6 - Protein • Protein is part of every cell, every bone, the blood, and every other tissue. • Vegetarians: people who omit meat, fish, and poultry from their diets. Well informed vegetarians can easily get enough protein from plant foods alone.

  13. Section 7 - Vitamins • Supplement: a pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients; not a food • Deficiency: too little of a nutrient in the body • Fat-soluble: able to dissolve fat • Water-soluble: able to dissolve water

  14. Section 7 Continued • Vitamin A: good for eyes (dark green veggies, deep yellow and orange fruits and veggies, and milk) • Night Blindness: slow recovery of vision after flashes of bright light at night; an early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency.

  15. Section 7 Continued • Antioxidant: a chemical that can stop the destructive chain reactions of free radicals. • Free Radicals: chemicals that harm the body’s tissues

  16. Section 8 - Minerals • Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. • Osteoporosis: a disease of gradual bone loss, which can cripple people in later life.

  17. Section 8 Continued • Iron is present in every living cell and is the body’s oxygen carrier in the red blood cells. • Anemia: reduced # or size of the red blood cells.

  18. Section 8 Continued • Electrolytes: minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body’s fluid balance • Sodium: aka salt; too much salt can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension) • Water is the most vital nutrient of all. 60% of body is water

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