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AP Physics IV.C

Explore the principles of geometric optics, including reflection, refraction, and lenses. Learn about the properties of plane and spherical mirrors, the mirror equation, and magnification. Discover how light bends when passing through different media with varying optical densities and how total internal reflection and dispersion occur. Gain an understanding of converging and diverging lenses and how they form images.

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AP Physics IV.C

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  1. AP Physics IV.C Geometric Optics

  2. 25.1 Wave Fronts and Rays

  3. 25.2 Reflection of Light

  4. Specular and diffuse reflection

  5. 25.3 Plane Mirrors

  6. Five Properties of the image of a Plane Mirror • Upright • Same size • Located as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror • Left to right reversed • Virtual image

  7. Ray Diagram for a Plane Mirror

  8. Ex. What is the minimum mirror height needed for a person to see their full image?

  9. 25.4 Spherical Mirrors (concave – converging and convex – diverging)

  10. The focal length and radius of curvature

  11. Ray diagrams for curved mirrors

  12. 25.6 The mirror equation and magnification (and an impressive proof thrown in for free)

  13. Summary of sign conventions for curved mirrors • f is positive for a concave mirror and negative for a convex mirror • so is positive for an image located in front of the mirror (our only concern at this point) • si is positive for a real image (in front of the mirror) and negative for a virtual image (behind the mirror)

  14. Ex. A 2.00 cm object is placed 7.10 cm from a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 10.20 cm. Find the location and size of the image.

  15. Ex. An object with a height of 1.20 cm is placed 6.00 cm in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 10.0 cm. Find the location and height of the image.

  16. Ex. An object is placed 66 cm in front of a convex mirror that has a focal length of 46 cm. Find the image distance and magnification.

  17. 26.1 Refraction and Lenses

  18. Refraction – the bending of light as it passes between two media with different optical densities

  19. The index of refraction

  20. 0.5411 1.63, ? 0.800 04B3 1.2 EE -3 Wb -0.0136 V i. 0.023 A ii. ? ? 04B5 i. -3600 J ii. Tough one – ΔU is number of gas particles times ΔKav (5400 J) iii. 9000 J Drawing c) i. drawing ii. yours p. 821: 1-6; Rev. 04B3, 04B5

  21. 26.2 Snell’s Law

  22. Ex. Light is incident upon an equilateral crown glass prism at an angle of 45.0º to one face. Calculate the angle at which the light emerges from the opposite face.

  23. p. 821: 9-10, 13, 16; Rev. 03B1 • 21.7º • a) 33º b) 32º 03B1 • Drawing • 100 N • 615 N • Yours • 1.7 m/s2

  24. 26.3 Total Internal Reflection

  25. Ex. A ray of light in a diamond (n = 2.42) strikes an interface at 28º. Will the beam of light enter the air or will it be reflected internally? Will the beam of light be reflected internally if the diamond is surrounded by water?

  26. Applications of total internal reflection

  27. 26.5 Dispersion of Light

  28. 37.8º 87B5 ? 53º 1.9 EE 8 m/s 3.2 EE -7 m (320 nm) 39º 01B4 1.6 (hint: use slope of graph and Snell’s Law) i. 4.4 EE 14 Hz ii. 1.9 EE 8 m/s iii. 4.3 EE -7 m Drawing 37º p. 822: 23-25, 87B5, 01B4

  29. 26.6 Lenses

  30. Two types of lenses

  31. Images formed by converging lenses

  32. Image formed by a diverging lens

  33. A familiar friend

  34. Sign conventions for lenses: f is positive for converging lenses and negative for diverging lenses so is positive when light is reflected from the object (a real object) si is positive when it is behind the lens (real image) and negative when it is in front of the lens (virtual image)

  35. 81B5 Drawing b) ? 9 cm d) note: 2nd lens is at F of 1st 82B6 a) 3f b) drawing ? 86B6 a) drawing b) 6 cm c) Drawing -2 cm e) ? Hint: use image of 1st lens as object of 2nd 94B5 a) 2.3 EE 8 m/s Drawing c) 49º 40 cm below pool bottom i. ? ii. Hint: are values for n closer or farther away than in water? 81B5, 82B6, 86B6, 94B5

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