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Ethics Three “random” chats

This text explores the different categories of normative sciences, including ethics, aesthetics, and logic, and delves into the theories and approaches of influential figures like Aristotle, Kant, Perry, and Rawls. It also discusses the levels of ethical development and the importance of professionalism and ethical decision-making. The text further explores various ethical frameworks and stances, such as environmental ethics, feminism, hedonism, and virtue ethics. Additionally, it highlights the relevance of ethics in human-computer interaction (HCI) and the concept of usability as applied ethics. The text concludes with a discussion on justice, Aristotle's view on doing good for others, and Rawls' concept of creating a just world.

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Ethics Three “random” chats

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  1. Ethics Three “random” chats “knowing doing gap”

  2. Categories of normative sciences • Logic — things that are true • Aesthetics — things that are admirable • Ethics — things that are good

  3. Heroic figures in ethics • Aristotle — definitions • Kant — criteria • Perry — personal • versus communitarian • Rawls — operational • Professional — liability • Habermas — dialogue • Küng — empirical • Various schemes: environmental, feminist, power, etc

  4. William Perry • Levels of intellectual sophistication • Ethical development

  5. Dualism 1-3 • 1 Assumption of dualistic structure of world taken for granted, unexamined • 2 Truth exists, but not all authorities are knowledgeable • 3 Absolute truth has not been discovered, yet

  6. Multiplicity 4-6 • 4 Knowledge is not secure but is any person’s • 5 Knowledge is always changing or subject to change

  7. Commitment to realism 6-9 • 6 Knowledge is not something that is external and definite but something that each individual constructs

  8. Initial commitment • 7 Knowledge is the world view one has constructed from learning and experience, along with the ethical implications of this view • 8 Knowledge is a creative resolution between uncertainty and the need to act • 9 Individual must break through to new perspectives and discard those no longer useful

  9. Perry summary • 9 levels • 1-3 absolute • 4-~6 relative • ~6-9 personal

  10. Professional ethics • Avoiding legal problems • Privacy, permission

  11. Purpose • Ends • Means • Rationalisable • E.g., historical, economic • Objective/subjective

  12. Ethics v meta-ethics • Environmental ethics • Sadism • Marxism (ideology & false consciousness) • Feminism • Hedonism • Virtue ethics • Utilitarianism

  13. continued… • Deontology • Consequentialism • Situation ethics • Monism v pluralism • Utilitarianism • Virtue ethics

  14. continued… • Relativism • Absolutism • Universalism • Realism • Absolutism (Perry position 1!) • Machiavelli • Private • Public

  15. HCI stances • Standards IS09471 • User’s task • Usability • Cost-effectiveness • Metrics. Empirical • Design • Enjoyment

  16. ‘Usability’ as applied ethics • Kant’s categorical imperative • Reciprocity • Help lines? • Bug reports? • User participation? (evaluation…)

  17. Kant • Criterion • Some ‘nice’ principles • E.g., reciprocity, universalisability

  18. Küng’s 6 rules • Solving problems: don’t create greater problems • Burden of proof: demonstrate avoids human or environmental damage • Common good: e.g., benefits the community, for a period • Urgency: e.g., survival more important than privacy

  19. …continued • Ecology: system more important than individuals • Reversibility: system must be reversible, removable, not cause dependency

  20. Post-marxist critical theory • One dimensional man (Marcuse) • “I shop therefore I am” • Atomised (Lyotard) • What is choice/democracy when you have 500 channels of TV?

  21. What I want • Operational ethics • Bridge ‘knowing-doing gap’

  22. Justice • Distributive • Restorative • Punitive • Political

  23. Aristotle’s view • Doing good for others • Only virtue you can’t fake

  24. Justice by programming • Fair chocolate bar

  25. John Rawls • Justice • Veil of ignorance • Creating a just world • Creating a just system

  26. Conclusions • Ethics v politics • CS is politics • Get involved!

  27. Next lecture — Thursday 2pm An ethical debate on tags and tagging

  28. Where from? • Communitarian • Individual • Artificial

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