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Understanding Chemistry: Properties and Changes in Matter

Explore the study of chemistry, including the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the processes and energy changes that occur. Learn about different types of matter, physical and chemical properties, and how matter can undergo changes. Discover the distinctions between elements, compounds, and mixtures, and classify various substances accordingly.

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Understanding Chemistry: Properties and Changes in Matter

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  1. Matter and Change Chapter 1 Pages 3-15

  2. What is chemistry? • Chemistry is the study of matter. • text: “Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes” • Chemistry is really a lot more exciting than the text definition!!

  3. General fields of study • Theoretical chemistry • Organic chemistry • Inorganic chemistry • Analytical chemistry • Physical chemistry • Biochemistry

  4. What is matter? How do we explain it? Classify it? • Matter: has mass, takes up space • Mass: measure of amount of matter • comes in many forms • Fundamental building blocks of matter • Elements: pure substance, one type of atom • Compounds: pure substance, 2+ types atoms CHEMICALLY combined

  5. Element or Compound? • Carbon dioxide • Water • Helium • Hydrogen • Carbon • Sugar • Salt

  6. Understanding matter • Described by physical and chemical properties • Physical properties can be intensive or extensive • Intensive properties are those that do not change with the amount of substance, where extensive properties do

  7. Intensive or Extensive? • Mass • Density • Boiling point • State of matter • Volume

  8. Understanding Matter • Physical properties: • Color, texture, luster, melting point, boiling point, solubility • Chemical properties: • Combustibility, non-reactive, ability to corrode, toxicity

  9. Physical or chemical property? • Hardness • Density • Malleability • Tendency to corrode • Flammability • Weight • Failure to react with other substances • Mass • Volume • Melting point • Ductility

  10. Understanding Matter • Properties determine type of change (physical vs. chemical) • Energy involved in any change, total energy is conserved (not destroyed or created) • Physical change: • Changes of state (melting, boiling, etc) • Solid: definite shape and volume • Liquid: definite volume, indefinite shape • Gas: indefinite shape and volume • Chemical change: • a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

  11. Indicators of a chemical change • Formation of new substances • Change in heat/ energy • Gas produced • Formation of a precipitate • Color change

  12. Is the change physical or chemical? • Dissolving sugar in water • Combining vinegar and baking soda • Smashing a glass jar • Bending wire • Freezing mercury • Making caramel from sugar • Silver tarnishing

  13. Classify it!(element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture) • Egg • Table salt • Bronze • Dry ice • Gasoline • Water • Oxygen • Oil in water • Granite • Sugar water • Alphabet soup • Gold • Silver • ice

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