By Thomas K.

1. Hydraulics By Thomas K. “Biggie questions” GO TO INTRO!!!

2. Introduction to Hydraulics Hydraulics and hydraulic systems can be found almost everywhere. Hydraulics can be found at any construction site. Some machines that use hydraulics are bulldozers, fork lifts, and cranes. Hydraulics are used to lift cars so mechanics can work underneath them. Many elevators use the same operating technique. This website was created for a 9th grade physics project. GO TO TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. Table of Contents Hydraulic Science Related Links Hydraulic Vocabulary

4. Introduction to Hydraulic Science Hydraulics is a type of science and engineering that deals with mechanical properties of liquids and gases. Hydraulics is part of the more general discipline of fluid power. Fluid mechanics provides the foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on engineering uses of fluid and gas properties. On the next slide I will show you a graph of 20 adult responses to the question, what is Hydraulics?

6. Hydraulic Science Pascal’s Principle The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very simple: force applied at one point is transmitted to another point using and incompressible fluid, which is almost always going to be a type of oil. In some systems, such as brake systems in a car, multiply the process. A major part of hydraulics is Pascal’s principle: Changes in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest are transmitted undiminished to all points the fluid and act in all directions. NEXT!

7. Pascal’s principle Changes in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest are transmitted, without any decrease to force, to all points the fluid and act in all directions.

8. Hydraulic Science continued The arrows point out where the hydraulic fluid is which is multiplying the force exerted on it in order to make the wheels raise and bounce. NEXT!

9. Hydraulic Science Whenever we change the pressure in one part of a fluid, this change is transmitted to other pars. If the pressure of city water is increased at the pumping station by 10 units of pressure, the pressure every where in the pipes of the connected system will be increased by 10 units of pressure when the water is not moving. Pascal’s principle applies to all fluids (gases and liquids). An example of Pascal’s principle for gases and liquids is the automobile lift seen in many service stations. Compressed air exerts pressure on the oil in an underground reservoir. The oil in turn transmits the pressure to a cylinder, which lifts the automobile. Because the small force is exerted over large area it produces a large force. Contents

10. Contents Hydraulic Vocabulary Liquid - the state or phase in which matter takes the shape of its container & the molecules “slide” past each other. Pascal’s principle - the change in pressure on one part of a confined fluid is = to the change in pressure on any other part of the confined fluid. Force - the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity Pressure - the force applied to a unit area of surface

11. Wikipedia Hydraulics Conceptual Physics Related Links I used Wikipedia’s page on hydraulics for my science about how hydraulics function. I used a couple pages in our textbook (284 - 285) to research Pascal’s principle. Ichiban Hydraulics I used Ichiban Hydraulics websitefor their detailed pictures and extensive picture index. I used How Stuff Works for their information on the functions of hydraulics and different uses of hydraulics “Biggie questions” How Brakes Work Mrs. Peck’s Homepage Contents