Introduction

1. Instrumenting the city: developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscapeUbicomp 2006 Eamonn O’Neill, Vassilis Kostakos, Tim Kindberg, Ava Fatah gen. Schiek, Alan Penn, Danaë Stanton Fraser and Tim Jones Presenter: Jen-hao

2. Introduction • The technologies interweave with the built environment. • We need to understand the city as a system, encompassing it’s physical and digital forms and their relationships with people’s behaviors.

3. Physical form v.s. Digital form Bluetooth Bluetooth WiFi 3G, GPRS -Physical -Digital

4. Space syntax • Space syntax analyses cities as systems of space created by the physical artifacts. • Urban design plays a critical role in the construction of society and social behaviors.

5. Space syntax Axial map of Tokyo, 70,000 lines, coloured by radius-n integration.

6. Gatecounts • A gate is conceptual line across a street. • The observer stands on the street and counts the number of people crossing that line.

7. Static snapshots • Recording both stationary and moving activities in the space. • Understanding how people appropriate a particular space, and how people use it to contact with each other.

8. Interaction space • Interaction spaces that are created by artifacts or devices such as computer displays. • Interaction spaces may also be wireless. • Fixed: 3G, Wifi, GPRS • Mobile: Bluetooth

9. Extending the gatecount method • Bluetooth scanners are installed on the streets with low, medium and high pedestrians flows.

10. A Bluetooth gate

11. Extending static snapshots method • Scanners are installed in a bar and in a café. • Human observers recorded people’s positions, behaviors and movements through space, and the precise time of these activities.

12. Field trials

13. Field trials

14. Bluetooth names • Default names • “NOKIA 6680”, “TomTom GO 300” • User-defined names: • “Pick me pick me”, “Send me porn”, “U Found me”… • “Nokia 6280 Wayne”, “Annie”, “John K. Taylor” • 58% of discoverable devices had user-defined names • The naming reflects the intentions of interactions with the others. • The user defines the “feel” of the interaction space.

15. Conclusions and future work • Providing a way to analyze and understand ubiquitous computing features as integral aspects of the urban environment. • Continue to refine the scanning methods to raise the accuracy. • Understanding the city as a system encompassing both the built environment and ubiquitous technologies.