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The Great European Powers

The Great European Powers. Mr. Lineburg IB World History. Germany. Democratic monarchy with authoritarian system Power held by the Kaiser and Chancellor Limited parliament (Reichstag). German y: Socio-economics. By 1900, the strongest industrial power in Europe

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The Great European Powers

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  1. The Great European Powers Mr. Lineburg IB World History

  2. Germany • Democratic monarchy with authoritarian system • Power held by the Kaiser and Chancellor • Limited parliament (Reichstag)

  3. Germany:Socio-economics • By 1900, the strongest industrial power in Europe • Rapid industrialization produced large working class and growing middle-class • Tension between these groups and with authoritarian government

  4. Germany: Prussian Landowners • Politically dominant • Promoted militarism and allegiance to the Kaiser • Against reforms designed to move towards liberal democracy

  5. Germany:Expansion • Population growth & pressure to secure raw materials • Congress of Berlin (1884) cooperated in Africa carve up • Dilemma: Germany wanted colonies -> World already divided up • Cooperate with Britain?

  6. France • Democratic republic/civil liberties • Agriculture based economy, yet wealthy • Large empire; gold reserves; overseas investment

  7. France: Politics • 'Pacifist' left-wing • 'Revanchist' right-wing • Short-lived governments: effected foreign-policy • Sought alliance with Russia to contain Germany

  8. Britain • Parliamentary – democracy w/monarchy (limited powers) • First power to undergo Industrial Revolution • Vast overseas empire/largest trader of 19th century

  9. Britain - Economic Decline • Losing economic power and trade dominance • Overtaken by the US and Germany by 1900 • Democracy kept working class discontent at bay

  10. Britain - Foreign Policy • 19th century – "splendid isolation" • By 1900, needed allies for a long-term survival

  11. Britain - Military • Powerful Navy -> used for defense of nation and sea-based trade • Resources over stretched • Needed to maintain naval dominance to maintain balance of power in Europe

  12. Austria – Hungary • Dual monarchy/Two Parliaments/Emperor • Very bureaucratic/inefficient • Land-based/slow economic growth

  13. Austria – Hungary: National Rivalries • Dual monarchy leads to infighting • Nationalism leads to ideas of independence from smaller states • Demise of the Ottoman Empire strengthens cause of the Slavs

  14. Austria – Hungary: National Rivalries • The Slavs strived for independence from the Ottomans • Sought reunification with "brothers" in other empires

  15. Austria – Hungary: Policies • Policy of containment in the Balkans • Wanted to fill power vacuum left by the Ottoman decline

  16. Austria – Hungary: Major Concerns • A multi national European empire in age of naturalism • Lack of economic/political/social cohesion • BIGGEST Concern: The hostility and aggression of Serbia – Serbs backed by Russia

  17. Russia • Autocratic Divine monarchy • Czar Nicholas II • Bureaucratic/ineffective • Rapid industrialization/peasant class

  18. Russia: 1905 Revolution • Discontent among growing middle-class and urban workers • Revolution after defeat by Japan • Limited democracy introduced • No improvement in working conditions

  19. Russia: A Nation in Flux • Weak military • Strength lay in huge population resource • Encouraged Slav nationalism Yet wanted to help Ottomans... • ...For fear of Austria-Hungary expansion

  20. Turkey • The "sick man" Of Europe – Ottomans in decline • Corrupt/ineffective regime • Nationalist/Islamic revolts uncontained

  21. Turkey: Near Collapse • Exploited by Europe • Foreign debt/political discontent • Turk/Slav division • Muslim resentment

  22. Turkey: The End is Near • Sultan overthrown in 1909 by the "Young Turks" • Sought modernization • The "Eastern question"

  23. In-Class Group Activity • Organize into Groups of 3 or 4 • Turn to page 10 in CPEW • All members recreate the spreadsheet as shown, obviously larger to hold information • Split up the work by specific country or characteristics • Using your notes and text, fill out your section of the table. • Share out to fill the table

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