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Department of Chemistry CHEM1020 General Chemistry ***********************************************

Department of Chemistry CHEM1020 General Chemistry *********************************************** Instructor: Dr. Hong Zhang Foster Hall, Room 221 Tel: 931-6325 Email: hzhang@tntech.edu. CHEM1020/General Chemistry _________________________________________ Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry.

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Department of Chemistry CHEM1020 General Chemistry ***********************************************

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  1. Department of Chemistry CHEM1020 General Chemistry *********************************************** Instructor: Dr. Hong Zhang Foster Hall, Room 221 Tel: 931-6325 Email: hzhang@tntech.edu

  2. CHEM1020/General Chemistry_________________________________________Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Today’s Outline ..Chlorinated hydrocarbons ..Introduction to functional groups ..Alkyl groups

  3. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Chlorinated hydrocarbons …Review of electronic structure of chlorine atoms Valence electronic structure of Cl: .. :Cl: . Cl has one single unpaired electron available for bonding .. Cl is much like H in this way: ·H, ·Cl: ..

  4. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Chlorinated hydrocarbons …If hydrocarbons have chlorine atoms as a new component, then they are different new organic compounds. …Because of the similarity between Cl and H in bonding (forming one single covalent bond), Cl can replace H in many hydrocarbons with identical carbon skeletons and structures

  5. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Chlorinated hydrocarbons Examples of hydrocarbons: alkanes: Replacing H with Cl in a CH4 CH3Cl, methyl chloride, or chloromethane CH2Cl2, dimethyl chloride, or dichloromethane or methylene chloride CHCl3, trimethyl chloride, or trichloromethane, or chloroform CCl4, tetramethyl chlordie, tetrachloramethane, or carbon tetrachloride

  6. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Chlorinated hydrocarbons …Chlorinated hydrocarbons can cause severe liver damage …Some uses of chlorinated hydrocarbons can be found on pp.248 …DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), highly toxic insecticides, banned now, PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls …All chlorinated hydrocarbons have similar properties, and mostly toxic

  7. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Chlorofluorocharbons (CFC) and fluorocarbons …Carbon compounds containing fluorine and chlorine are called CFCs. CFCs have been used as dispersing gases in aerosol cans for making foamed plastics and as refrigerants Three common CFCs: CFCl3, named as CFC 11, 1F and 3Cl replacing 4H in a CH4 CF2Cl2, named as CFC 12, 2F and 2Cl replacing 4H in a CH4 CF2ClCF2Cl, named as CFC 114, 4F and 2Cl replacing 6H in a CH3CH3,

  8. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Chlorofluorocharbons (CFC) and fluorocarbons …CFCs are ideal as propellants widely used in aerosol cans for deodorants, hair spray, and food products …CFCs are very inert, so highly persistent in the environment …CFCs are bad for the “good ozone” in the atmosphere (discussed in more details later)

  9. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Functional groups …Groups of atoms joined together as special units in organic compounds that cause them to have specific properties and functions are called functional groups …Usually, organic compounds are classified by their functional groups

  10. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Functional groups Examples of functional groups: single C-to-C bond double C-to-C bond triple C-to-C bond chlorine substitutes fluorine substitutes many others to be learned later

  11. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry • Alkyl groups In many cases, a functional group is attached to a hydrocarbon stem called an alkyl group Examples of alkyl groups: CH3-, mthyl group, from CH4 CH3CH2-, ethyl group, from CH3CH3 For a short cut, alkyl group can be represented by a single letter, R, which means anyone of the alkyl groups; thus, an organic compound can be represented by R + functional group Examples: CH3Cl, RCl CH2Cl2, RCl2 CH3CH2Cl, RCl

  12. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Chlorinated hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that have (a) replacement of hydrogen by oxygen; (b) replacement of hydrogen by nitrogen; (c) replacement of hydrogen by chlorine; (d) none of above is right.

  13. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is a chlorinated hydrocarbon (a) HCl; (b) Cl2; (c) CH2Cl2; (d) NaCl.

  14. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which is equivalent to CFC in organic chemistry (a) Chlorinated fat carbons; (b) Coal from coast; (c) Chlorofluorocharbons; (d) none of above.

  15. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is a CFC compound (a) CaCl2; (b) Cl-Cl; (c) CFCl3; (d) AlCl3.

  16. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is a functional groups (a) CH3-; (b) -Cl; (c) -H; (d) AlCl3.

  17. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is a functional groups in organic chemistry (a) CH4; (b) H2O; (c) C=C; (d) HCl.

  18. Chapter 9. (L4)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is an alkyl group in organic chemistry (a) CH4; (b) H2O; (c) C=C; (d) –CH2CH3.

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