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Health Risks in Daily Regimen of Slovak School Children

This study analyzes the health status and changes in lifestyle factors in Slovak school children, including physical activity, daily activities, and rest. The research highlights the increase in health risks, such as impaired vision, orthopedic diseases, and psychological disorders, due to excessive psycho-sensory and static load. It also emphasizes the low participation in physical and sport activities and the negative impact of excessive TV watching on sleep duration. The study suggests the importance of implementing preventive health care measures and promoting a balanced daily regimen for school children.

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Health Risks in Daily Regimen of Slovak School Children

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  1. The health risks in living and working regimen of Slovak school children and the trend of morbidity • Ševčíková Ľ.1; Macháčová, E.2; Štefániková, Z.1; Jurkovičová J.1; Ľ., Ružanská.S. 1; Sabolová, M.1;Ághová Ľ.1 • 1Institute of Hygiene, • 2Institute of Epidemiology, • Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava

  2. Objectives The quality of living and working conditions of school children depends on physical, psychological and socio-economic factors. The changes in daily regimen - the proportion of psycho-sensory and static load at school and outside school, physical activity, daily activities and rest - reflect in the health status of children. The aim of research has been the analysis of the health status change and selected life-style factors in school children as well as evaluation of the level of prevention and intervention.

  3. Material and Methods The daily activity data obtained on the basis of 7-day records in representative samples of 2339 school children in 1998 have been compared with the data of 2108 school children during the same week of the year 1982. The questionnaire was used for evaluation of chronic diseases prevalence in school children with proportional representation of boys and girls of all age groups (6-14yrs) from all regions of Slovakia in 1986 (93 540 school children) and in 2000 (3437 children). The programmes EPI Info 6 and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis.

  4. Changes in the prevalence of chronic diseases of school children in Slovakia ** [%] Impaired vision Orthopaedic diseases Psychological disorders ** p < 0.001

  5. The regimen activities representing psycho-sensory and static load in school children (%) Optional lessons Private lessons Organised interest activities PC ** % ** ** ** ** ** 1-4th 5-9th Total 1-4th 5-9th Total 1-4th 5-9th Total 1-4th 5-9th Total Grades ** p < 0,001

  6. Watching TV in school children (min) Sleep in school children (h) ** ** h min ** ** r = - 0,154 p<0,001 Grades

  7. Regular sport activity in school children (%) The average time of daily outdoor activity in school children (min) ** ** ** ** ** min (%) Grades ** p < 0,001

  8. Summary • Health risks in daily regimen have increased in school children. • The age differentiation in load has not been respected. Psycho-sensory and static strain is excessive in many younger pupils, significantly higher in comparison with those in the year 1982. • Physical and sport activities, which have a favourable influence on somatic and psychological functions, was very low in the youngest school children regardless of the increase the number of children who participate in sport. • The significant shortening of sleep has been shown in relation with the significant increase of daily watching TV. TV influences life of school children in many aspects as is known from many studies. • The time of active and passive daily leisure is not adequate for compensation of static and psycho-sensory load during lessons and other daily activities in school children.

  9. Summary • Described changes in the course of 16 years - i.e., increased psycho-sensory and static load, and low physical and sport activities - could contribute to significant increases in chronic diseases such as impaired vision, orthopaedic disorders with dominance of incorrect posture, and psychological disorders. • The changes in morbidity of school children could be also in relationship with changes of psychosocial climate at schools and families, what showed our another studies. High number of school children (31 %) were often stressed, particularly at school. Subjective feeling of load was high in 50 - 90 % of pupils in all grades.

  10. Conclusion Risk factors in regimen, behaviour and environment of Slovak school children have increased. Negative morbidity trend in Slovak school children could be the consequence of rising of psycho-sensory and static load and low physical and sport activities in daily regimen, but also of current non systematic preventive health care during school attendance. The adherence of basic hygienic principles in educational process, psycho-hygienic principles and intensive public health observation as well as intervention oriented to children, parents and teachers are the way of positive influence in the situation of health´ status in school children.

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