Unit Seven In Other Words

1. Unit Seven In Other Words

2. Unit SevenIn Other Words • Objectives • Synonyms • Idioms • Proverbs • Slang, Taboo and Euphemisms • Group Task

3. Thanks!

4. Your Objectives

5. By the end of this unit you should be able to • know about English synonyms, idioms, proverbs, slang and euphemisms; • know how to use such language appropriately in different situations; • compare the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms; • compare the similarities and differences between English and Chinese proverbs.

6. Synonyms

7. Synonyms Three major differences: • Regional: autumn /fall; chemist’s /drugstore. • Stylistic: salt/ sodiumchloride (formal); disobedient /recalcitrant; regret / remorse; support / espouse. • Emotional:youths/ youngsters; boy/chap/ fellow/man.   The emotional associations differ from person to person.

8. Synonyms occupation -- (C) a word used especially in an official context meaning someone’s usual full-time job. (neutral word) 职业 e.g.: Please fill in the details of your present occupation.  profession -- a type of work such as teaching, medicine, or law, which requires considerable training, specialized study, and passing special examinations; and which people are usually regarded with respect专业 e.g.: Medicine, which used to be a male-dominated profession, is now open to women as well. 

9. Synonyms vocation -- a special job such as a nurse, a priest or a teacher in which the person has a strong feeling to help other people, not work in the job just for money 职业,天职e.g.: Nursing is hard work and often low pay, but for many people it's a vocation.  business -- the general area of work that you are involved in such as buying and selling a particular type of product or service (C/U) e.g.: line of business 行业

10. Synonyms job --(C) the particular activity that someone does regularly to earn money, especially when employed 工作 e.g.: What sort of job do you want to do when you grow up.  work -- (ordinary) work that someone does regularly to earn money, either by working for an employer or working for themselves. (U)工作, 劳动e.g.: My brother started work when he was 12. 

11. Synonyms specialization -- (formal)a special area 专业领域 e.g.: The lawyer said that he was unable to help us because our case fell outside his specialization. field --(informal) an area 领域 e.g.: Our field of vision is limited by that tall building. hobby -- an activity which someone does for pleasure during the time that they are not working in a job. e.g.: He works in a bank, but his hobby is building model boats.

12. Synonyms avocation -- an activity taken up in addition to one’s regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment, (more formal stressing the activities second to normal business) 副业 recreation -- (a way of ) enjoying yourself when you are not working工作之后的消遣;娱乐, 玩耍 e.g.: Emma’s only form of recreation seems to be shopping.

13. Synonyms pastime -- anything done to kill the time ,an activity that occupies one's spare time pleasantly, rather similar to a hobby 娱乐,使某人的空闲时间过得愉快的活动 e.g. : If DIY is the nation’s most popular pastime, then watching someone-else-do-it comes a close the second.

14. Synonyms Now try to write the American English words next to their English equivalents following the the examples.

15. British English American English British English American English Cracker Biscuit Cracker Suspenders Braces Rubbish Sofa Jumper Vest Waistcoat Truck Diapers Nappies Lift Dustbin Petrol Flat Post Trousers Pavement Tube Caretaker Firecracker Elevator Garter吊袜带 Garbage can Suspenders背带 Gas Garbage Apartment Couch Mail Sweater Pants Undershirt Sidewalk Vest Subway Flatcar Janitor

16. American English British English British English American English Truck Drugstore Lorry Pancake Overall罩衫 Sweet Railway Garage Ring Tap Tower block Chemist’s Compere Tin Luggage Roll-book Candidature 候选人资格 Off-duty Scone Crepe Emcee Smock Can Candy Baggage Railroad Class-book Service station Candidacy Call Day-off Faucet Biscuit Skyscraper

17. Idioms

18. Idioms What’s an idiom? An idiom is a group of words in a fixed order having a particular meaning, different from the meanings of each word understood on its own. It may have the same structure as an ordinary phrase, but it has become frozen in form. What’s a phrase? A phrase is a group of words used together, it doesn’t have the idiomatic sense, but can be understood on its own words.

19. Idioms Face the music:to accept responsibility for something that you have done wrong and you prepare yourself to be criticized or punished for it. It probably comes from the custom in some Western armies of punishing soldiers to the sound of beating drums. e.g.: There was no need for an explanation. We had to face the music.

20. Idioms Play the game: Itoriginates from the fact that people who participate in a game should obey certain rules, and now generally means to do something in a fair and honorable way. 遵守比赛规则, 行动光明正大 e.g.: The two official opposition parties must play the game by the President’s rules.

21. Idioms Play games: be not serious enough about a difficult situation, or deliberately mislead someone or make someone do unnecessary things敷衍塞责 e.g.: Don’t play games, Lisa. I know about the theft, and I know that you know about it. be broke: without money e.g.: I can’t afford to go on holiday this year--I’m (flat) broke.

22. Idioms put one’s foot in one’s mouth: someone blunders by saying something he should not have. talk shop: talk to each other about their work, which might suggest this is boring for other people who are present and who do not do the same work说行话 e.g.: They often gather together and talk shop.

23. Idioms be left holding the baby (Br.E.) be more responsible for a problem that nobody else wants to deal with.干苦差事, 干不喜欢干的活 e.g.: Why should I be left alone holding the baby while all the boys are sitting around and twiddling their thumbs?a wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼, 口蜜腹剑的人

24. Idioms on Colors paint the town red: to go on a spree and indulge in noisy, rough behavior狂欢, 胡闹 e.g.: When the Leeds won the football game, all the people in the city painted the town red. see red: lose control of oneself through anger, or indignation catch someone red-handed: be caught red-handed red tape: unnecessary official rules and processes which delay the getting of results官样文章 e.g.: My passport is stuck in red tape.

25. Idioms on Colors once in a blue moon: very rare and hardly happens千载难逢地 e.g.: I only get over to Cambridge once in a blue moon and I’m never in London. out of the blue: unexpectedly

26. Idioms on Colors black and blue: badly bruised e.g.: He’s black and blue for three months. black and white: (see) complex issues in simple questions of right and wrong. It is used to criticize people who treat complex things in a very simple way 非是即非, 绝对化 e.g.: She is still seeing issues in black and white. in black and white: written proof e.g. The contract is written in black and blue.

27. Idioms on Colors a black look: is one that is full of anger and hate e.g.: She gave me a black look. a black sheep: a person has done something bad , esp. something brings embarrassment and loss of respect to the family. a white elephant: a thing that is useless but expensive e.g.: That office building is a white elephant, for it has been empty for a long time. white horse (whitecaps/Am.E.): waves

28. Idioms on Colors a white lie: a polite lie to stop people from being upset by the truth. a white hope: a person or a thing which people hope will be very successful in the near future. in a brown study:thinking deeply

29. Idioms on Colors green with envy: extremely envious of something that another person has or does. e.g. She told us that she had spent a month with her husband in Paris for their 5th wedding anniversary. Not surprisingly, we were all green with envy. green (as grass): inexperienced or naive green fingers: (Br. E.) a skill in growing plants，园艺能手; green thumb (Am.E.)

30. Idioms on Colors in the pink: being fit and healthy(old) e.g.: He appeared in the pink. in the black: have money e.g.: Last year, the company was back in the black, showing a modest pre-tax surplus of $ 5 million. in the red: owing money to someone or another organization e.g.: His account is in the red. out of the red: pay back the debt

31. Idioms on Animals Fill in the blanks with suitable words : 1. as ______as a bee 2. as ______ as a horse 3. as ____ as an eel 4. as ______ as a lamb 5. as ______ as a lark 6. as ________ as a mule 7. as ______ as a fox 8. as _______as a bat 9. as ____ as an owl 10. as _______ as a lion 11. as ______as a goose 12. as _____ as a donkey 13. as _____ as a cricket 14. as ______ as a dove strong busy slippery meek happy stubborn blind cunning wise majestic stupid foolish merry mild

32. Please write out the possible English idioms for the following Chinese versions: bootlick, lick one’s boot 拍马屁 拜某人为师 小菜一碟 空中楼阁 帮倒忙 守口如瓶 sit at somebody’s feet a piece of cake castles in air the kiss of death • button one’s lips

33. Please write out the possible English idioms for the following Chinese versions: take French leave 不辞而别 画蛇添足 五十步笑百步 乱七八糟 夸夸其谈 酒后之勇 carry coals to Newcastle the pot calling the kettle black at sixes and sevens have a big mouth • Dutch courage

34. Please write out the possible English idioms for the following Chinese versions: an eye for an eye 以眼还眼 不露锋芒 拦路虎 正合心意 侥幸 对牛弹琴 hide one’s light under a bushel lion in the way after one’s own heart by the skin of one’s teeth • cast/throw pearls before swine

35. Please write out the possible English idioms for the following Chinese versions: a fly in the ointment 美中不足 wash one’s hands of 洗手不干 be all ears 洗耳恭听 a thorn in someone's flesh 眼中钉

36. Please write out the possible Chinese idioms for the following English ones: 1.look for a needle in a haystack 2.at one’s wit’s end 3.six of one and a half a dozen of the other 4.much cry and little wool

37. 5.draw in one’s horns 6. the man in the street 7. Where God has his church, the devil will have his chapel；the truth grows a foot high, the evil grows to ten. Please write out the possible Chinese idioms for the following English ones:

38. Proverbs

39. Proverbs What is a proverb? Proverb: A popular, short sentence stating something commonly experienced or giving advice or warning. Features of proverbs • It has a memorable form with traditional wisdom, handed down from previous generations. • It is short, brief,direct, vivid and taken daily life.

40. Proverbs Three common devices • alliteration: Practice makes perfect. • rhyme: Health is better than wealth. • a simple balanced structure: Two is company, three is none; More haste, less speed.

41. Proverbs Soonest done, soonest mended. 捷足者先登。 Speech is the picture of the mind. What the heart thinks the tongue speaks. 言为心声。 Go in one ear and out the other. 当作耳旁风; 左耳进右耳出。 e.g.: The mother keeps telling the son to work harder but her words go in one ear and out the other. Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。 To kill the goose that lay the eggs. 杀鸡取卵; 竭泽而渔。

42. Proverbs on Dog A good dog deserves a good bone.好狗应该啃好骨头, 有功者受赏。 Barking dogs seldom bite.爱叫的狗 不咬人; 咬人的狗不露齿。 Every dog has his day.凡人皆有得意日。 Love me, love my dog.你若把我当朋友, 也要把我的朋友当朋友; 爱屋及乌。 Teach the dog to bark. 教狗怎么叫(意指多此一举)

43. Proverbs on Cat A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。(英国迷信, 指猫的生命力强) A cat in gloves catches no mice. (=Muffled cats catch no mice.) 带手套的猫捉不到耗子; 四肢不勤, 一事无成; 怕沾污手指的人做不出什么事。 All cats are grey in the dark. (=At night all cats are grey; when candles are out, all cats are grey.)猫在暗中都是灰色; 黑暗中难分丑妍。 

44. Please write out the equivalent proverbs for the following proverbs either in Chinese: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.    Where there is smoke there is fire.   Idleness is the root of all evil.   As you sow, so you reap. Live and let live. A stitch in time saves nine.

45. Please write out the equivalent proverbs for the following proverbs in English: 天下没有不散的宴席。 众人 拾柴火焰高。 亲身下河知深浅, 亲口尝梨知酸甜。 失之东隅,收之桑榆。 甘瓜苦蒂, 物无全美。

46. Reference Please write out the equivalent proverbs for the following proverbs in English: 天下没有不散的宴席。 All good things must come to an end. 十里不同俗。Other countries，other manners. 众人 拾柴火焰高。Many hands make light work.

47. Reference Please write out the equivalent proverbs for the following proverbs in English: 亲身下河知深浅, 亲口尝梨知酸甜。 The proof of the pudding is in the eating. 失之东隅,收之桑榆。 What we lose on the swings we gain on the roundabouts. 甘瓜苦蒂, 物无全美。 There is no rose without a thorn.

48. Slang,Tabooand Euphemisms

49. The distinctive characteristics in English writing and speech: • English writing tend to be carefully constructed, use longer words, relies on rhetorical devices for effectiveness. • Conversational English tends to ramble, short sentences, loose construction, plenty of colloquialisms and slang.

50. Slang Slang is used between people who know each other very well or who have the same job or the same interests. It is often invented in keeping with new ideas and customs. It’s function is to make speech vivid, colorful and interesting.