1 / 52

Chapter 9 (I)

Chapter 9 (I). The Language of Faith: Symbolism and the Arts. The Turning Point. Emperor Constantine ’ s conversion in 312 C.E. The Reorganized Empire. Diocletian (284-316 C.E.) saved the empire from the third-century crisis. Diocletian’s reform. Diocletian. Maximian. Caesar. Caesar.

jessamine-hobbs
Download Presentation

Chapter 9 (I)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9 (I) The Language of Faith: Symbolism and the Arts

  2. The Turning Point Emperor Constantine’s conversion in 312 C.E.

  3. The Reorganized Empire • Diocletian(284-316 C.E.)saved the empire from the third-century crisis.

  4. Diocletian’s reform Diocletian Maximian Caesar Caesar

  5. Emperor Constantine • 313 Edict of Milan • Christianity became a legitimate faith.

  6. Emperor Constantine • 325 Council of Nicaea • Purpose: to establish the Christian dogma→the Nicene Creed

  7. The Nicene Creed http://www.goarch.org/en/resources/clipart/icondetail.asp?i=55&c=Other&r=Ecumenical_Synod

  8. Doctrinal Quarrels • Trinity: Christ = Father, Son, Holy Ghost • Regionalism: regional hostilities were aggravated. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches split in 1054. • State involvement: Secular interference in Church matters increased, esp. in the East.

  9. Hierarchical Organization • Patriarchs → bishops in charge of Rome, Jerusalem, Constantinople, Antioch, and Alexandria. • Archbishops/metropolitans → provinces • Bishops → dioceses • Priests → parishes

  10. Primacy of the Bishop of Rome • (1) a scene of the missionary activities and eventual martyrdom of the Apostles Peter and Paul. • (2) the doctrine of the Petrine Succession

  11. Primacy of the Bishop of Rome • (3) After the capital was moved to Constantinople, the pope replaced the Roman emperor as head of public administration.

  12. Spread of Monasticism Fourth century • (1) A substitute for martyrdom: a desire to prove one’s religious ardor by self-abasement and suffering. • (2) Monasticism satisfied the desires of those who wished to avoid secular temptations.

  13. St Simeon Stylite spent thirty-six years living on top of a pillar, in prayer and devotion.

  14. East: St. Basil (330-379) Features: fasting, poverty, and celibacy http://www.st-basil.org/

  15. West: St. Benedict (480-547) The Benedictine rule http://www.mycatholictradition.com/saint-benedict.html

  16. The Benedictine Rule • Vows: poverty, chastity, obedience • A program of “prayer and work”

  17. The Benedictine Rule • Contributions: (1) Missionary work (2) Emphasize the dignity of Manual labor (3) Learning: Benedictine monasteries became centers for learning and transcribing in the Middle Ages.

  18. Women • The rise of a negative attitude toward women? • (Con) Spiritual egalitarianism: women could be saved as fully as men. • (Pro) (1) Excluded from positions of leadership in church (2)Women > flesh; Men > spirit (3) Virginity accepted as the highest standard

  19. Marriage • Marriage >>> procreation Women >>> limited roles submissive wives mothers

  20. Latin Church Fathers • Jerome (c. 347-420) Ambrose (340-397) Gregory (c. 540-604) Augustine (354-430)

  21. St. Jerome • Translated the Bible from Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT) into Latin: the Vulgate

  22. St. Jerome (painted by El Greco) translated the Old and New Testaments into Latin. http://www.tihof.org/images/jerome/greco.jpg

  23. St. Jerome • Much of the Bible was to be understood allegorically, rather than literally. • Classical learning could be valid if subordinated to Christian aims.

  24. St. Augustine • The Confessions : his autobiography. Established the dualistic model of reality: the “unclean body” and the “purified soul” (by extension, matter and spirit, earth and heaven, Satan and God, state and Church).

  25. St. Augustine • On the City of God “City of Earth” vs. “City of God”

  26. Christianization of Classical Culture • (1) A gradual winnowing out of the classical texts that had been produced in Greece and Rome between the 5th century B.C.E. and the 2nd century C.E.

  27. Christianization of Classical Culture • (2) An understanding of the purposes of classical culture for a Christian audience.

  28. Early Christian Art

  29. sacophagus

  30. catacomb

  31. Christ as Good Shepherd

  32. Christ as the Good Shepherd, the mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, c. 425-426. Mosaic. http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/c20fadda23a7d46f8003.jpg

  33. Christian Symbolism

  34. Symbolism and Early Christian Art: (a) Christian monograms; (b) symbols of the four evangelists; and (c) Latin and Greek crosses http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/34b4a94ac52f06114f9d.jpg

  35. The chi-rho symbol

  36. Orans http://www.orderofcenturions.org/IMAGES/orans_catacomb2.jpg

  37. Food for Thought • Study and identify the iconography of the life of Jesus.

  38. http://members.aol.com/nonstopny/italiano/nativity.jpg

More Related