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Pedro Oyola Ph D Dirección Ejecutiva Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente poyola@conama.cl

International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Association and Integrated Program on Urban, Regional and Global Air Pollution Joint Seminar Hotel Royal Pedregal, Mexico D.F., Mexico January 22-23rd, 2004. Pedro Oyola Ph D Dirección Ejecutiva

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Pedro Oyola Ph D Dirección Ejecutiva Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente poyola@conama.cl

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  1. International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Association and Integrated Program on Urban, Regional and Global Air Pollution Joint Seminar Hotel Royal Pedregal, Mexico D.F., Mexico January 22-23rd, 2004 Pedro Oyola Ph D Dirección Ejecutiva Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente poyola@conama.cl

  2. Introduction • In 1997 Santiago Metropolitan Region was declared saturated with TSP, PM10, CO, O3 and latent for NO2. • An Atmospheric Decontamination and Prevention Program for the Metropolitan Region was initiated. • An intensive program to reduce the impact from mobile sources, specially public transportation system was started. • An important collaboration between CONAMA and the Universities was initiated oriented to increase the capacity building.

  3. MAIN AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS • HIGH LEVELS OF • PM10 and PM2.5 • OZONE

  4. Emission reduction ( ton/year ) Cost Benefits • 260 US$ mill/year Actions 2.755 MP 14.732 NOx • 127 US$ mill/year Santiago Cost/ Benefits Action Plan 2001-2005

  5. Health cost ( $ / year ) Damage( $ / year) Type of vehicles 10.959 Light gasoline 15.812 Light LPG 18.798 Light CNG 103.960 Light diesel

  6. Santiago de Chile End of the world

  7. Santiago de Chile 40km

  8. Santiago Metropolitan Region´s Air Quality Network LA PAZ LAS CONDES PUDAHUEL SEMINARIO P. O´HIGGINS LA FLORIDA CERRILLOS EL BOSQUE El Monte

  9. Metereological Network Airport

  10. % of PM10 reduction at the Macam Network-Winter period 1997-2003

  11. Source Participation Buses 21% Trucks 13% Light Vehicles 14% Mobile Total 48% Combustion Fixed 12% Processes Fixed 14% Homes 7% Fixed Total 33% sewage Firewood, farmland, 19% Area Total 19% Anthropogenic Responsibility on PM10 Inmissions

  12. Meteorological Conditions Air Pollution = Emission + Ventilation The ventilation indicators for Santiago are Good Good to Regular Regular Bad Critical

  13. August, 15 17:00 Pudahuel August, 16 00:00 August, 14 17:00 August, 13 17:00

  14. Cerro Calán Gotuzzo Buin Site Location in Región Metropolitana

  15. 10000.0 1000.0 Cu 100.0 As 3 Mo ng/m S 10.0 1.0 0.1 4-jul 6-jul 8-jul 10-jul 12-jul 14-jul 16-jul 18-jul 20-jul 22-jul 24-jul Cu-As-Mo-S Time Series at BuinWinter 1996

  16. Emissions • In large cities, vehicle emission are usually the most important • In small cities, there may be sources specific (and limited) to the area that are significant (smelters, house heating, biomass burning, etc.) • Fixed sources are easiest to control, moving sources are harder • Local emissions may mislead the interpretation of the results. • Monitoring site representativeness is needed

  17. Monitoring site representativeness, PM-10 Data from a monitoring site should be representative of the community, independent of local sources.

  18. Local traffic influence No local traffic influence

  19. 25 May EC June 20 ) 100 July 3 PM2.5 May g/m 90 August ) June 15 September 3 80 July g/m 70 Concentration ( August 10 60 September 50 5 Concentration ( 40 30 0 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 10 Time of day 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time of day VISUALIZATION • Similar shapes for the monthly average indicate similar sources for EC and PM2.5 • Traffic is the likely source for the 8 – 9 hrs. peak • Different source is expected for the midnight peak • Wind may be responsible for the minimum at 13 – 18 hrs.

  20. Topography • May determine the concentration of pollutants in certain areas • Controls the local wind pattern • Limits the spatial extent of pollutants

  21. Environmental grouping • Cluster analysis of the data among the stations is used to obtain groups with similar temporal behavior • These groups are similar for PM10 and ozone • The groups are independent of the season • Topography of the city is probably responsible for the configuration of the groups

  22. Ozone PM10

  23. PM10 Daily Cycles April-September (2000-2003) Early episode Late episode Episode

  24. Airborne transport of Fine Particle inside the Mapocho Valley

  25. Fine Particles Size Distribution and Temporal Evolution

  26. Daily and Nightly Averages of the Physicochemical Composition of the PM2,5 at Pudahuel

  27. Clusters and Sources

  28. HAPs Comparison at Pudahuel & Parque O´Higgins

  29. Acknowledgements http://fisica.usach.cl/uv/archivos http://www.conama.cl/rm/realtime

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