Monday

1. Monday • Take Current Event out • Place Parent Form and About Me in the front bin • Copy HW from the board • Complete textbook form Think Pad: You have a whole country at your fingertips… you are the leader and you have to decide how to organize and rule it. How would you choose to rule your land? What would influence your decision?

2. Europe 900 AD Kingdom divided into smaller and smaller states Large landowners eventually came to hold the most power

3. A dangerous time • A time of confusion • Many invasions • Vikings from the north • Magyars from the east • Sarcens from the south • All plunder the continent

4. Landowners offer protection • Raised their own armies • Built castles to protect people • Became LESS dependent on kings/ central government Tea Time!- Think Pair Share… What issues or advantages would an empire have if the landowners/people of the land became less dependent on a central government

5. Feudalism emerges • A political, economic, military, and social arrangement • complex set of relationships • Everyone had a place and role in society

6. 1st class workers 2nd class workers The Feudal Social Order

7. Activity 1 Read the Lords and Vassals Agreement Answer the 3 questions

8. From the top… • Kings and nobles • made every effort to acquire as many vassals as they could • ‘friends’ • military strength during this period lay in numbers Royal Law- law based on customs and court rulings with a jury Magna Carta- 1. designated the rights of nobles that limited the power of the monarch 2. monarchs must also obey the laws

9. The Vassals • Vassals • ‘work’ for the king/ noble • given land in return • Called a benefice or fief • expected to live on the land • supply themselves with weapons of war (army!) • Ready to fight !

10. Vassalage seals the relationship • Involved fealty • Oath of loyalty taken • Military service and advice given to lord • Usually vassal gave 40 days a year of service What did we discover in our reading?

11. The little people… • The Fief was inhabited by peasants and serfs • Raised crops • Revenue form crops gave vassals means of support

12. Summary Journal Reflecting on our Think Pad… Was feudalism an effective way to rule land? What reasons do you have to support your answer? Compare your Think pad answer to the description of Feudalism (same/different)?

13. HW- Read Document 2 in your Source Packet (Serfs) And read Serfs packet… Answer given questions Expect a reading quiz tomorrow.

14. Tues 9/10 Take out your home work from yesterday Copy today’s HW Task: Reflecting on yesterday’s Think Pad… Was feudalism an effective way to rule land? What reasons do you have to support your answer? Compare your Think pad answer to the description of Feudalism (same/different)?

15. Who is the MAN? How do you feel about the MAN?

16. Manorialism • Key unit of economic, political and social organization • Tightly disciplined community of peasants • organized under the authority of a lord • Only life most peasants knew Boring…but I’ll be dead by age 30!!!

17. A Manor * After a lord receives a fief (an estate of land) he places a manor on it. * Serfs (peasants) work and maintain the land in return for protection.

19. Lord of the manor • A lord controlled at least one manorial village • Great lords might control hundreds • A small manor estate might contain a dozen families • larger estates might include fifty or sixty

20. Feudalism at the Manor • Peasants usually found protection inside the walls of their lord's house • By 12th century these are fortified castles • Attacks from rival lords/ Vikings common

21. The Feudal relationship • Pretty complex…in return for protection the serf is: • Bound to the land (can’t leave) • Only marry with Lord’s permission • Work the land of the Lord ½ the week • Pay several taxes to the Lord Tea Time!- Think Pair Share… From the homework, share with a partner what life was life for a peasant. Then create a pen pal dialogue (of at least 3-5 sentences each) written between two serfs in different manors

22. Life for the peasants • Life revolved around the manor, agricultural work, and church • Marriage- young ages and not for love! • Many times arranged and allowed by the vassals/lords • Most people (98%) were peasants • Small % of men were artisans in towns • Skilled craftsmen- blacksmiths/ carpenters • protected by guilds- groups of workers with thesame occupation • Precursor to unions-protect workers I’m only marrying you for your daddy’s cows!

23. Social History continued.. • Most lived in simple cruck houses • Wood, mud, and straw • FILTHY!!!! • Diet consisted of bread and vegetables • Meat was reserved for the rich • Lots of ale consumed • Alcohol safer to drink than plain water

24. Summary Who is the MAN in Feudal Times? What power does this MAN have?

25. HW - Read Source #3 in primary source packet. On a Separate sheet.. Fill in the 6 C’s of Primary Source Analysis - Complete reading the book pages 26–29 by Thurs HINT HINT;-)

26. Wednesday 9/11:Home Work Review- Primary Sources 6 C’s Content Citation Context Connection Communication Conclusions Now, What do we know about the Church’s power’s compared to the King (think back to the start of Feudalism)…

27. Background • European society was dominated by the Catholic Church since the fall of Roman Empire • Religious authorities in many regions were more powerful than secular authorities • Popes very powerful

28. Struggles for power emerge • Question? • Who is more powerful? • A King or the Pope? • Who gets to appoint high ranking church officials? • Who can levy taxes? versus

29. What the Pope wants… That’s a good boy….

30. What Kings want…

31. The Church grows in power • Became more organized in middle ages • Became more secular or worldly • Started to challenge kings for political power • Developed canon law (Church Law) • Taking over financial outlets (taxes)

32. What could canon law (Church law) do? • Could excommunicate members • Removal from church • CouldPrevent the giving of the sacraments • You needed them to get to heaven • Popes used canon law to get kings to submit to the WILL of the church Damnation or do good? *Greater fear of an afterlife then of kings laws Excommunication was harsh!

33. Indulgences “a free pass” for some punishment that could be given after the admission of sin Church started selling them!

34. The Church makes a stand • November 1302 Pope Boniface VIII issued the Papal bull called the Unam Sanctum • An order that said: • YOU need to belong to Catholic Church to go to heaven • Pope is the supreme ruler of the Christian world • Kings must submit to Pope • WILL THIS END THE STRUGGLE???? • no…. Tea Time!- With a Partner Complete the Unam Sanctum Worksheet Write a one sentence summary on the bottom describing the Church’s role in Society.

35. Up Coming Issues… Towards the end of the Middle Ages: 1. Excess of rowdiness, restlessness and troublesome knights 2. Out with the old indirect, in with the new direct- personal connection to God What will be the fate of the Catholic Church?

36. Thurs Sept 12, 2013 • Copy HW from the board Quiz: Take out your notes from the text book readings.

37. What could canon law (Church law) do? 1. Church could excommunicate members • Removal from church 2. CouldPrevent the giving of the sacraments (religious rights of all Catholics) • You needed them to get to heaven 3. Indulgences- “a free pass” for some punishment that could be given after the admission of sin - Church started selling them! (Corruption!) *People had a greater fear of a bad afterlife and canon Laws than of the king’s laws Popes used canon law to get kings to submit to the WILL of the church

38. Indulgences “a free pass” for some punishment that could be given after the admission of sin Church started selling them!

39. Quiz 10 minutes

40. Think Pad Imagine if you were promised all the riches and salvation this world and beyond could offer… only if you would pledge to go on an adventure to another land far away, mysterious, and dangerous land? Would you go? Why/ why not?

41. Think Pad Review… what motivation would the church and the knights have to have a Crusade

42. The Crusades: a Snap Shot What- Holy Wars fought against the Muslims in the East. We will discuss the differing motives. Who- Catholic Church coming to the “aid” of the Byzantines. Pope Urban II in Rome calls the shots. When- 11th–13th century Where- Constantinople & The Middle East

43. The Knights Took up the Challenge! The Black Knight It's just a flesh wound!

44. The motives of the Catholic Church • Provide the rowdy knights with an outlet - bringing the potentialfor violence away from the European Catholic Kingdoms 2. Taking back the holy land and preventing the Muslims from gaining power and prominence.

45. How do we know the power of the Church? • The Crusades • Called by Pope Urban in 1095 • Goal to free Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks … why? • Resulted in mass migration of 60,000 people from Europe • Pope promised salvation to all Crusaders

46. Maybe we should help out… Uh-oh…

47. “All men going there who die, whether on the journey or while fighting the pagans [non-Christians], will immediately be forgiven their sins” Urban II “Jerusalem is the navel of the world. This royal city is now held captive by her enemies and is enslaved by a people which does not acknowledge God.”

48. The People of the Crusades The Nobles and Knights- $$$ Sponsored by their families with their own private forces and supplies - average 30-40% died in a tough 2-3 year crusade (15%-20% from disease and 15%-20% from battle) The Peasants- Had little “the common people who had little property, but were very numerous” - Guibert of Nogent - average + 50-60% death rate *Christian forces themselves may have killed as many Christians and Jews as they did Muslims.

49. Tea Time!- Think Pad Why would the average Joe go?

50. Motivations of the people? 1. Fighting a holy war will bring you to Heaven. 2. The Adventure! - Average travel time on foot- 10-20 m/day - Average travel radios for a commoner 10-13 miles from their home in a life time