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Homework

Homework. I-6 due tomorrow. Article available on the website. Quiz on Islam Monday (I will give you 2 points of extra credit if you answer and turn in the Questions to Consider on Monday). . Aim: How did the Muslim Empire decline and fall? . March 13, 2014.

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Homework

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  1. Homework • I-6 due tomorrow. Article available on the website. • Quiz on Islam Monday (I will give you 2 points of extra credit if you answer and turn in the Questions to Consider on Monday).

  2. Aim: How did the Muslim Empire decline and fall? March 13, 2014

  3. I. Dynasties of the Muslim Empire • The Umayyads (661-750): Sunni dynasty. Responsible for conquering northwestern Africa and Spain. Ruled from Damascus, Syria. • The Abbasids: (750-1258): Sunni dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads. Under Abbasid ruler Harun Al-Rashid (786-809), Baghdad becomes the center of the Empire. This is when the major cultural/scientific achievements happen. Abbasids also control trade routes stretching into Asia and Africa.

  4. II. Muslim Empire Starts to Divide • Starting in 850 Abbasids start to lose control of their Empire (become corrupt and decadent, give out government positions based on favoritism and family connections, break Muslim religious laws). • New kingdoms start to emerge within the Empire: - Spain is independent - Fatimid Dynasty founded in Egypt in 973, ruled by Shiites, try to conquer Syria and Arabia from the Sunni Abbasids, but fail.

  5. III. The Seljuk Turks • Nomadic people from central Asia. Converted to Islam, served as paid soldiers for both Abbasids and Fatimids. • As Abbasids grew weaker, Turks steal their land. C. By 1055, the Seljuk sultan (ruler) controls Baghdad and the Empire. Abbasid caliph is kept on as a figurehead

  6. IV. The Crusades • Turks threaten Byzantine Empire, Byzantines call to Europe for help (claim Turks are destroying Christian shrines in Jerusalem), Crusades begin in 1096. • Muslims and Christians battle over Jerusalem for a century, fight four Crusades against each other. Christians win the first one and take over the Holy Land, but Muslims win the next three.

  7. IV. The Crusades (cont) C.Saladin – Hero of the Third Crusade - 1169: Overthrows Fatamids, becomes sultan of Egypt, starts taking the offensive against Christians -1187: Invades Jerusalem, destroys Christian forces (how does Saladin treat the conquered Christians). Muslims eventually win the Crusades. But at what cost?

  8. IV. The Mongols • Savage Conquerors from Central Asia. During the 1200s, destroyed cities throughout the Middle East. • In 1258, Hulegu Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan) burns Baghdad, kills remaining Abbasids.

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