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Ali Ziaee Bigdeli Muhammad Kamal Sergio de Cesare Brunel University – London July 2011

Inter-Organisational Electronic Information Sharing in Local G2G Settings A Socio-Technical Issue. Ali Ziaee Bigdeli Muhammad Kamal Sergio de Cesare Brunel University – London July 2011. Centre for Information Systems Research. Outline. Introduction

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Ali Ziaee Bigdeli Muhammad Kamal Sergio de Cesare Brunel University – London July 2011

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  1. Inter-Organisational Electronic Information Sharing in Local G2G SettingsA Socio-Technical Issue Ali Ziaee BigdeliMuhammad KamalSergio de Cesare Brunel University – London July 2011 Centre for Information Systems Research

  2. Outline • Introduction • Theoretical background on Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) • EIS Participation In Local Government Authorities – Conceptual Framework • Research methodology • Case Organisation: LGA_North and LGA_East • Discussion – Factors Revision • Conclusion Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  3. Introduction • Information is a key business asset and fundamental to the delivery of public services, however; • In order to overcome the above problem, Local Government Authorities (LGAs) as the primary interface between the central government and the citizens have now recognised that it is essential to transform their administrative processes (Fountain, 2001) and the use of ICT to facilitate the information sharing in a networked environment. Repeated misuses and losses of sensitive information in both public and private sectors show the weakness of many organisations in managing When, with Whom, What, and How information should be shared (Richard Thomas, Former UK’s Information Commissioner). Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  4. Introduction • Participation in Electronic information sharing (EIS) across government boundaries requires fundamental technical and organisational changes; From an organisational perspective, enabling information sharing requires new work processes among the organisations, leading to a considerable change in organisational structure and culture. From a technical point of view, information system developers are faced with a variety of challenges related to the existence of different platforms, diverse data structures and incompatible network infrastructures. • Hence the objectives of this research are summarised as: • Identify the factors affecting Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) in Government-to-Government (G2G) collaboration. • Present a conceptual framework in order to illustrate clearly the social and technical nature of the phenomenon. • Justify the identified factors through conducting two case organisations in governmental local level in United Kingdom. Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  5. Theoretical Background on Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) • Some incentives for encompassing research on information integration and sharing is that previous research: • Have been conducted when information technologies were not as advanced and developed as they are today • Does not differentiate between electronic and non-electronic information sharing. This issue is fairly important as the expected benefits and risks differ in electronic and non-electronic information sharing. • Are focused on recognising the experiences and viewpoints of those government agencies which were pioneers in using technology and complex systems, rather than those agencies which might not be familiar with these initiatives. • Are mainly focused on information sharing in central/state level Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  6. Theoretical Background on Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) • Since single and dependent organisations within a government cannot deal and solve complex problems related to service delivery alone, managing public services increasingly relies on multiple networks of interdependent organisations. • Gil-Garcia et al (2009) clarified that inter-organisational information integration and sharing is a combination of both social and technical elements hence it is a very complicated field to study. For better understanding, they suggested: Shared Knowledge Trusted Social Network Integrated Data Interoperable Technical Infrastructure Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  7. EIS Participation In Local Government Authorities –Conceptual Framework • One of the few examples is the survey conducted by the Centre of Technology in Government (CTG) at the State University of New York. The researchers viewed information sharing and integration as a combination of four different but interrelated contexts. Policy and Social Environment Inter-Organisation Settings Organisation / Business Process Technology Solution Electronic Information Integration and Sharing Figure 1. Contexts of Information Integration and Sharing (Pardo & Tayi, 2007) Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  8. EIS Participation In Local Government Authorities –Conceptual Framework Environmental Layer Politics Economics Organisational Layer Management Capability Goals/Objectives Business Process Layer Decision Processes Work Processes Technology Layer IT Capability Data Quality Data Standards Data Security Trust Network Collaboration Financial Matter Legal & Legislation Critical Mass Perceived Risk Perceived Benefits Participation in Electronic Information Sharing Perceived Barriers Figure 2. Factors Influencing Inter-Organisational Electronic Information Sharing and Integration Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  9. Research Methodology Figure 3. Empirical Research Framework Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  10. Case Organisations: LGA_Northand LGA_East • Since the aim of this paper is to validate the conceptual framework and the research presented herein is at an early stage, we only focused on testing the influential factors through applying the framework on two Local Government Authorities in the region of England. • As we wanted to illustrate the fact that participation in EIS is a major challenge among all of the LGA’s department, in this stage, we did not focus on a specific department and tried to investigate the decision-making process for electronic information sharing. • From LGA_East, • Head of ICT(HICT) • Senior Information Systems Developer (SISD) • Information Service Delivery Manager (ISDM) • From LGA_North, • Head of Information Technology (HIT) • Project Manager (PM) • Information Services Manager (ISM) Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  11. Discussion – Factors Revision Less important () Medium important () Most important () Table 1: Importance of Factors Influencing EIS at LGA_North and LGA_East Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  12. Discussion – Factors Revision Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  13. Conclusion Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  14. References (1/2) 1. Akbulut, A. Y., Kelle, P., Pawlowski, S. D. and Schneider, H. (2009). To share or not to share? examining the factors influencing local agency electronic information sharing. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 4(2), 143-172. 2. Beaumaster, S. (2002). Local government IT implementation issues: A challenge for public administration. System Sciences, 2002. HICSS. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 1725-1734. 3. Dawes, S. S. (1996). Interagency information sharing: Expected benefits, manageable risks. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15(3), 377-394. 4. Fountain, J. (2001). Public Sector: Early Stage of a Deep Transformation. The Economic Payoff from the Internet Revolution , edited by the Brookings Task Force on the Internet,Washington DC: Brookings Institution ,235-268. 5. Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A. and Burke, G. B. (2007). Government leadership in multi-sector IT-enabled networks: Lessons from the response to the west nile virus outbreak. Workshop 4: Leading in a Multi-Sector Environment 6. Jankowicz, A. D. (2000). Business Research Project. Business Press, London. 7. Heeks, R. B. (2006). Implementing and managing eGovernment. London, UK: Sage. Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  15. References (2/2) 8. Miles, M. and Huberman, A. 1994. „Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook‟, Sage, Newbury Park, California. 9. Senyucel, Z. (2005). Towards successful E-government facilitation in UK local authorities. Proceedings of the e-Government Workshop, 10. Pardo, T. A., & Tayi, G. K. f. (2007). Interorganizational information integration: A key enabler for digital government., 691-715. 11. Remenyi, D., and Williams, B. (1996), “The nature of research: qualitative or quantitative, narrative or pragmatic?”, Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 6, pp. 131-146. 12. Themistocleous, M., Irani, Z., Kuljis, J., & Love, P. (2004). Extending the information system lifecycle through enterprise application integration: A case study experience. System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 8. 13. Yin, R. K. (1994), “Case Study Research Design and Methods”, Sage, London. Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

  16. Many thanks.. Comments? Questions? Kingston University - IMKS Forum Meeting

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