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Ch.11 The Civil War (386) . border State neutral martial Law blockade. The Border States. Kentucky and Missouri were important to controlling the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The Union needed to control Maryland, to protect Washington D.C. from being controlled by the confederacy.
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Ch.11 The Civil War (386) • border State • neutral • martial Law • blockade
The Border States • Kentucky and Missouri were important to controlling the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. • The Union needed to control Maryland, to protect Washington D.C. from being controlled by the confederacy.
Advantages of the North • 110,000 factories • Twice the amount of farmland and railroads. • The North had 2.5 million soldiers to 800,000 in the South.
Advantages of the South • By invading the South, confederates would be fighting on their own territory. • Most of the nation’s experienced military officers were southerners. • General Robert E Lee resigned from the U.S. Army to fight for the South.
Strategy of North and South North • Lincoln blockaded southern seaports • To cut off supplies of goods and cotton sales. • Gain control of the Mississippi River • To stop transportation. South • To defend their own territory until the North became tired. • The South hoped Britain’s need for cotton would force Britain to help the South.
Warm Up • Why were Kentucky and Missouri key states to control for the Union? • The Ohio and Mississippi rivers • The Union needed to control what state to protect Washington D.C.from the confederacy? • Maryland
Emancipation Proclamation • On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. • The Proclamation freed slaves that were fighting for the Union. • Abolitionists complained it should be applied throughout the whole country. • Abraham Lincoln’s main goal was to reunite the nation.
African Americans Help the Union • The Emancipation proclamation allowed African Americans to fight in the war. • 189,000 African Americans served in the Union Army or Navy. More than half were freed by the fighting . If captured some were made slaves or killed. They earned only half of what white soldiers made. • Some southern slaves tried to hurt the Confederate war effort. Many slaves resisted to work , and gave information to Union armies.
Ch.11 Sec 4 Vocabulary • Habeas corpus • Is a constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment. • Draft • A system of required military service. • Income tax • is a tax on the money people receive. • Inflation • A general rise in prices
Draft Laws • The South established a draft where men from 17-50 had to serve in the military. • Between 300,000 and 500,000 Union and Confederate soldiers left their unit and went home. • The North drafted men from the ages of 20-45 • Wealthy people in the South who had over 20 slaves did not have to fight. • Northerners could pay 300 dollars to avoid serving.
Economic Strain • To pay the costs of fighting the war , Congress levied the first income tax. • The Union blockade prevented the South from raising money by selling cotton overseas. • The Union army destroyed farmland and crops. The shortages of food caused riots in some southern cities. • During the war, prices of goods rose in the North and South.
Sec 5 Vocabulary • Siege is an attempt to capture a place by surrounding it with military forces and • cutting it off until the people inside surrender. • Total War all-out attacks aimed at destroying an enemy’s army, its resources, and its people’s will to fight.
Sec 5 Decisive Battles Battle of Gettysburg • Confederate soldiers went to Gettysburg looking for shoes. • The Confederates came upon Union soldiers, the South fought them back out of Gettysburg. • General Lee attacked the Union soldiers and suffered 28,000 casualties during the three day battle of Gettysburg. • Lee lost a 1/3 of his troops.
William Tecumseh Sherman • Used the method of total war • Sherman ordered Atlanta burned • As Sherman marched to the sea, he ordered buildings burned, seized crops and livestock, and pulled up railroad tracks.
The Gettysburg Address • November 1863 about 15,000 people gathered at Gettysburg to honor the soldiers that died there. • “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” —Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863
Grant Vs. Lee • Grant was now in charge of the entire Union army • Grant used the strategy of total war, destroying an enemy’s army, resources and will to fight. • On April 2, Grant’s troops broke through Confederate lines. • Lee’s army retreated to the town of Appomattox, where Lee surrendered.
The War’s Terrible Toll • The Civil War was the bloodiest conflict the U.S. has ever fought. • 620,000 soldiers died from both sides. • Many returned home disfigured for life.
Lee Surrenders • Generous terms for surrender • In Lee’s surrender the Confederates had to give up their weapons and leave in peace. • As Lee rode off, Union troops celebrated, Grant silenced them saying, “the war is over ,the rebels are our countrymen again.”
Two Key results of the war • It reunited the nation and put an end to slavery • It would still take 100 years for African Americans to experience the full meaning of freedom.
